Hi, I'm a freshman at the University of Tenn and I'm planning to major in Computer Science or something like that. But then I read this article last night about how DNA is going to replace silicon as the medium for chips and information. Like 1 pound of DNA can hold more information than all of the computers ever built. So what will I have to study to get in to this field, biomedical engineering? I don't know but I wish I did because I think this field has a lot of potential.What will I have to know to work on DNA computers?
the closest field to that is "bioinformatics". an interdisciplinery science of math, genetics, statistics, and computer sciences. if you are interested in the kitchen of that work such as "making" those chips, i think you should study elecronics too. i dont know the order but you should study electronics, programming, genetics (or widely biological sciences) and you should know statictics well. biomedical engineering is more like making live tissues. not much related to what you want.
you can get a minor degree of genetics while studying electronics/computer science or vice versa. or study your master in the other field. and make Phd directly on this.
best way for now is find the authors of that article and mail them. they will lead you better. dont be shy, i think they will be happy to get such an email.
good luck in your studies
Wednesday, February 29, 2012
What is the shape of DNA and the people responsible for creating it?
What is the shape of the DNA? Who was the people responsible for creating it?What is the shape of DNA and the people responsible for creating it?
The shape of DNA is double helix, and was discovered by Watson and Crick.What is the shape of DNA and the people responsible for creating it?
DNA is in the shape of a double helix. It is inherently twisted like a ladder.
The people that were responsible for discovering it were:
Rosalind Franklin - She conducted X-Ray photography and was able to find the "Photo 51" picture that would later reveal the double helix structure
Watson and Crick - They received the Photo 51, along with other data from other scientists, and were able to prove that the DNA was a double helix structureWhat is the shape of DNA and the people responsible for creating it?
People did not create the structure of DNA, although credited with the discovery of the double helix shape is James Watson and Francis Crick who were awarded the Nobel Prize in Medicine for their work (and let us not forget Rosalind Franklin who contributed a lot!). I'm not sure how you could propose the 'creation' of DNA during the 1950's, how bizarre! How would you propose the creation of DNA by another person who needs this important molecule for basic existence? Remember, DNA is the genetic blueprint of all living organisms. Anyway, DNA is a nucleic acid (the other being RNA) and is a double helixstructure consisting of four bases (Adenine, Thymine, Guanine and Cytosine) that are bound together with hydrogen bonds. The helix structure consists of antiparallel sugar-phosphate backbones. The four bases are arranged into groups of three and each group codes for one amino acid (these are responsible for making proteins that are important for life itself!).
wouldn't you be better off googling this
see this: http://www.dna-sequencing-service.com/wp鈥?/a>
there's plenty of it out there on the web
The shape of DNA is double helix, and was discovered by Watson and Crick.What is the shape of DNA and the people responsible for creating it?
DNA is in the shape of a double helix. It is inherently twisted like a ladder.
The people that were responsible for discovering it were:
Rosalind Franklin - She conducted X-Ray photography and was able to find the "Photo 51" picture that would later reveal the double helix structure
Watson and Crick - They received the Photo 51, along with other data from other scientists, and were able to prove that the DNA was a double helix structureWhat is the shape of DNA and the people responsible for creating it?
People did not create the structure of DNA, although credited with the discovery of the double helix shape is James Watson and Francis Crick who were awarded the Nobel Prize in Medicine for their work (and let us not forget Rosalind Franklin who contributed a lot!). I'm not sure how you could propose the 'creation' of DNA during the 1950's, how bizarre! How would you propose the creation of DNA by another person who needs this important molecule for basic existence? Remember, DNA is the genetic blueprint of all living organisms. Anyway, DNA is a nucleic acid (the other being RNA) and is a double helixstructure consisting of four bases (Adenine, Thymine, Guanine and Cytosine) that are bound together with hydrogen bonds. The helix structure consists of antiparallel sugar-phosphate backbones. The four bases are arranged into groups of three and each group codes for one amino acid (these are responsible for making proteins that are important for life itself!).
wouldn't you be better off googling this
see this: http://www.dna-sequencing-service.com/wp鈥?/a>
there's plenty of it out there on the web
Nucleotides are added to growing DNA strand as nucleoside triphosphates.What is the significance of this fact?
A-Nucleoside triphosphates are more abundant in the cell than nucleotides.
B-Hydrolysis of the two phosphate groups (P-Pi) and DNA polymerization are a coupled exergonic reaction.
C-Nucleoside triphosphates are more easily transported in the cell than are nucleotides.Nucleotides are added to growing DNA strand as nucleoside triphosphates.What is the significance of this fact?
B-Hydrolysis of the two phosphate groups (P-Pi) and DNA polymerization are a coupled exergonic reaction.
B-Hydrolysis of the two phosphate groups (P-Pi) and DNA polymerization are a coupled exergonic reaction.
C-Nucleoside triphosphates are more easily transported in the cell than are nucleotides.Nucleotides are added to growing DNA strand as nucleoside triphosphates.What is the significance of this fact?
B-Hydrolysis of the two phosphate groups (P-Pi) and DNA polymerization are a coupled exergonic reaction.
What is most likely to be true about regions of a DNA sequence that are invariant across diverse animals?
What is most likely to be true about regions of a DNA sequence that are invariant across diverse animals?
A) They are under strong stabilizing selection.
B) They are pseudogenes.
C) They are undergoing silent substitutions.
D) They cannot be aligned.
E) They are subject to transversions.What is most likely to be true about regions of a DNA sequence that are invariant across diverse animals?
A is most likely (C, D, and E give opposite results)What is most likely to be true about regions of a DNA sequence that are invariant across diverse animals?
A is the correct answer.
A) They are under strong stabilizing selection.
B) They are pseudogenes.
C) They are undergoing silent substitutions.
D) They cannot be aligned.
E) They are subject to transversions.What is most likely to be true about regions of a DNA sequence that are invariant across diverse animals?
A is most likely (C, D, and E give opposite results)What is most likely to be true about regions of a DNA sequence that are invariant across diverse animals?
A is the correct answer.
What do you think about DNA testing to select sports people?
There is a certain gene in a human body which tells you whether you suited to sprint or endurance sports. DNA testing can also check whether you are pronr to a certain disease or illness.
Do you think it should be compulsory for pesons to be tested at, birth or a certain age for these genes for Australia to achieve it's best at all sporting events?
What is your opinion?
Does your religion agree/disagree with it?
Do you think it is Morally or Ethically correct?
Do you think it would cause Discrimination? Elitism?What do you think about DNA testing to select sports people?
Sounds like shades of Hitler, lookin for the Master Race.
Me, I want no part of it. What's next, DNA testing to be a _____?
You (et al) fill in the blanks.channel 5 weather elder scrolls elder scrolls
Do you think it should be compulsory for pesons to be tested at, birth or a certain age for these genes for Australia to achieve it's best at all sporting events?
What is your opinion?
Does your religion agree/disagree with it?
Do you think it is Morally or Ethically correct?
Do you think it would cause Discrimination? Elitism?What do you think about DNA testing to select sports people?
Sounds like shades of Hitler, lookin for the Master Race.
Me, I want no part of it. What's next, DNA testing to be a _____?
You (et al) fill in the blanks.
How do you find the start site of DNA transcription in a DNA sequence?
I have to transcribe a DNA sequence into RNA sequence and turn that into a doll, I just dont know where the start site is. I know that there is something about the TATA box and a -35 region and that the start sequence is TAC, but what does all of that mean?How do you find the start site of DNA transcription in a DNA sequence?
A TATA box is just that it is a T-A-T-A sequence. Then you want to find the first start codon which will always transcribe a M (AUG). From there each three will transcribe until you hit a stop codon.
A TATA box is just that it is a T-A-T-A sequence. Then you want to find the first start codon which will always transcribe a M (AUG). From there each three will transcribe until you hit a stop codon.
How is the structure of DNA similar to a spiral staircase?
The double helix structure of DNA has been compared to a spiral staircase. What components make up the sides of the staircase and what component makes up the steps? What types of bonds hold the sides together and the steps together?How is the structure of DNA similar to a spiral staircase?
the backbone is made of sugar and phosphate molecules joined by ester bonds with nucleotide bases (thymine, guanine, cytosine, adenine) making up the "steps"How is the structure of DNA similar to a spiral staircase?
The sides of the staircase is akin to the sugar carbon backbone of the DNA, where the different deoxyribonucleotides are bonded to each other via phosphodiester bonds.
The steps refer to the different nitrogenous bases, Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine and Guanine. Via complementary base pairing, A pairs with T and C pairs with G, all held together by hydrogen bonding between the complementary nitrogenous bases.How is the structure of DNA similar to a spiral staircase?
A T G C the inside of the stairs.. "steps" there code is A T G C
the backbone is made of sugar and phosphate molecules joined by ester bonds with nucleotide bases (thymine, guanine, cytosine, adenine) making up the "steps"How is the structure of DNA similar to a spiral staircase?
The sides of the staircase is akin to the sugar carbon backbone of the DNA, where the different deoxyribonucleotides are bonded to each other via phosphodiester bonds.
The steps refer to the different nitrogenous bases, Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine and Guanine. Via complementary base pairing, A pairs with T and C pairs with G, all held together by hydrogen bonding between the complementary nitrogenous bases.How is the structure of DNA similar to a spiral staircase?
A T G C the inside of the stairs.. "steps" there code is A T G C
What is the best online DNA ancestry company?
What is the best on line DNA ancestry company? With easy to read results very visible illustrated results and instructions on how to read the results and accurate results? What is the best online DNA ancestry company?
http://www.familytreedna.com/?src=overtu鈥?/a>
through the end of Sept they are having some discounts.
If you do it don't do less than a 37 marker test or you will match with half of the US. once it goes above 37 markers if you are within a couple markers you are likely related.
Often I have found in running a Family DNA test we have been disappointed with 12/25 marker tests not being good enough matches.
But if you match 35 or 36 markers you have a common ancestor. It is all complicated stuff. but this is what I have learned.What is the best online DNA ancestry company?
If you are European/Middle Eastern in origin, I suggest FTDNA.COM. If you are East Asian or Asian in origian, I recommend Genebase.com. They both are willing to give you illustrated results. They are both accurate. I have been tested by both.
http://www.familytreedna.com/?src=overtu鈥?/a>
through the end of Sept they are having some discounts.
If you do it don't do less than a 37 marker test or you will match with half of the US. once it goes above 37 markers if you are within a couple markers you are likely related.
Often I have found in running a Family DNA test we have been disappointed with 12/25 marker tests not being good enough matches.
But if you match 35 or 36 markers you have a common ancestor. It is all complicated stuff. but this is what I have learned.What is the best online DNA ancestry company?
If you are European/Middle Eastern in origin, I suggest FTDNA.COM. If you are East Asian or Asian in origian, I recommend Genebase.com. They both are willing to give you illustrated results. They are both accurate. I have been tested by both.
What is the function of DNA in the cells of living organisms?
What is the function of DNA in the cells of living organisms?What is the function of DNA in the cells of living organisms?
Proteins are the biological molecules that make things work in living systems. We could say that they are involved in every process in the cell. They are controllers of biochemical reactions, structural elements that hold parts of the cell together, motors that make things move, signals, and so forth. The function of a protein depends almost entirely on its shape. Its three dimensional shape determines its physical and chemical properties, which in turn allow the protein to serve its unique function. The three dimensional shape of a protein, in turn, depends almost entirely on the linear sequence of the building blocks of life, the amino-acids.
There are 20 kinds of amino-acids. An average protein might have a few hundred amino-acids. So, proteins are the work horses, and their function is determined by its chemical sequence of amino-acids. Now, how do we get a protein of a particular sequence built? What is the blueprint that is used to build proteins? The answer is DNA.DNA is the molecule that holds genetic material in living things.What is the function of DNA in the cells of living organisms?
DNA store and transmet genetic information.
DNA is the genetic code of living organisms. It contains all the information that tells the organism what to make and where to make it depending on the sequence of nucleotides, which is unique to each organism. For example, it will tell one person to make blue eyes whereas it will tell another person to make brown eyes.
DNA is the "blueprint of life" - it codes for everything and every cell that makes up an organism. DNA is essential for life. That is why a mutation in DNA can cause harmful effects.
Proteins are the biological molecules that make things work in living systems. We could say that they are involved in every process in the cell. They are controllers of biochemical reactions, structural elements that hold parts of the cell together, motors that make things move, signals, and so forth. The function of a protein depends almost entirely on its shape. Its three dimensional shape determines its physical and chemical properties, which in turn allow the protein to serve its unique function. The three dimensional shape of a protein, in turn, depends almost entirely on the linear sequence of the building blocks of life, the amino-acids.
There are 20 kinds of amino-acids. An average protein might have a few hundred amino-acids. So, proteins are the work horses, and their function is determined by its chemical sequence of amino-acids. Now, how do we get a protein of a particular sequence built? What is the blueprint that is used to build proteins? The answer is DNA.DNA is the molecule that holds genetic material in living things.What is the function of DNA in the cells of living organisms?
DNA store and transmet genetic information.
Report Abuse
What is the function of DNA in the cells of living organisms?DNA is the genetic code of living organisms. It contains all the information that tells the organism what to make and where to make it depending on the sequence of nucleotides, which is unique to each organism. For example, it will tell one person to make blue eyes whereas it will tell another person to make brown eyes.
DNA is the "blueprint of life" - it codes for everything and every cell that makes up an organism. DNA is essential for life. That is why a mutation in DNA can cause harmful effects.
What is meant by the description "antiparallel" regarding the strands that make up DNA?
Which one is correct? Thanks tons!!
1) The twisting nature of DNA creates nonparallel strands.
2) One strand is positively charged and the other is negatively charged.
3) The 5' to 3' direction of one strand runs counter to the 5' to 3' direction of the other strand.
4) One strand contains only purines and the other contains only pyrimidines.
5) Base pairings create unequal spacing between the two DNA strands.
Thanks tons!What is meant by the description "antiparallel" regarding the strands that make up DNA?
3) The 5' to 3' direction of one strand runs counter to the 5' to 3' direction of the other strand.
One strand runs from 5' to 3' and the other strand runs from 3' to 5'.towing pittsburgh restaurants
1) The twisting nature of DNA creates nonparallel strands.
2) One strand is positively charged and the other is negatively charged.
3) The 5' to 3' direction of one strand runs counter to the 5' to 3' direction of the other strand.
4) One strand contains only purines and the other contains only pyrimidines.
5) Base pairings create unequal spacing between the two DNA strands.
Thanks tons!What is meant by the description "antiparallel" regarding the strands that make up DNA?
3) The 5' to 3' direction of one strand runs counter to the 5' to 3' direction of the other strand.
One strand runs from 5' to 3' and the other strand runs from 3' to 5'.
What percentage of human DNA is the same as the DNA of other species?
Like, I hear human DNA is roughly 95 to 98% identical as that of chimpanzees (reports seem to vary). On that model, what percentage of human DNA the same as that of, for example, a rat, a cockroach, a bacterium or a sunflower?
Ideally I'd like a link to a website showing the percentage comparison to a few different species.What percentage of human DNA is the same as the DNA of other species?
My info is outdated - I'm only familiar with the human-mouse-rat comparison; other mammalian species were being sequenced. One third of the DNA, comprising 95% of the coding and regulatory regions, aligned between the three species.
The X chromosome is peculiar because the genes it carries tend to stay in place: a nice image of its rearrangements can be found at:
http://nbcr.sdsc.edu/GRIMM/HMR_Aug2003/X鈥?/a>
ETA: the chimpanzee genome has been sequenced in 2005 and the similarity rate with humans appears to be 98.94%. Previous studies only considered the better characterized coding regions, and therefore overestimated similarity.What percentage of human DNA is the same as the DNA of other species?
Well the fundamental structure of the animal cell is pretty much the same in all animals. Cell membranes, mitochondria, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticula, golgi bodies, basic enzymes for uptake of glucose, for transporting ions around etc. The only differences between animals are those that cause growth, differentiation and specialised functions such as hormonal pathways and hair and things that are different between species. Now taking that into account we're probably at least 60-70% the same as every other animal on the planet...chimpanzees we're about 0.5% different to if I remember correctly. Prokaryotes like bacteria will differ a little bit more to us than animals since they're quite simple little things and plants are generally a little bit more complex than animals. Plants have all the same stuff that animal cells have, but they also have cell walls, chloroplasts, vacuoles and the have a lot of cell to cell binding proteins so will differ from us, but since they're more complex it would be more appropriate to describe the percentage of their DNA is the same as ours and not the other way round.What percentage of human DNA is the same as the DNA of other species?
1%..if that
Ideally I'd like a link to a website showing the percentage comparison to a few different species.What percentage of human DNA is the same as the DNA of other species?
My info is outdated - I'm only familiar with the human-mouse-rat comparison; other mammalian species were being sequenced. One third of the DNA, comprising 95% of the coding and regulatory regions, aligned between the three species.
The X chromosome is peculiar because the genes it carries tend to stay in place: a nice image of its rearrangements can be found at:
http://nbcr.sdsc.edu/GRIMM/HMR_Aug2003/X鈥?/a>
ETA: the chimpanzee genome has been sequenced in 2005 and the similarity rate with humans appears to be 98.94%. Previous studies only considered the better characterized coding regions, and therefore overestimated similarity.What percentage of human DNA is the same as the DNA of other species?
Well the fundamental structure of the animal cell is pretty much the same in all animals. Cell membranes, mitochondria, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticula, golgi bodies, basic enzymes for uptake of glucose, for transporting ions around etc. The only differences between animals are those that cause growth, differentiation and specialised functions such as hormonal pathways and hair and things that are different between species. Now taking that into account we're probably at least 60-70% the same as every other animal on the planet...chimpanzees we're about 0.5% different to if I remember correctly. Prokaryotes like bacteria will differ a little bit more to us than animals since they're quite simple little things and plants are generally a little bit more complex than animals. Plants have all the same stuff that animal cells have, but they also have cell walls, chloroplasts, vacuoles and the have a lot of cell to cell binding proteins so will differ from us, but since they're more complex it would be more appropriate to describe the percentage of their DNA is the same as ours and not the other way round.What percentage of human DNA is the same as the DNA of other species?
1%..if that
What is the relationship between DNA, genes and chromosomes?
What is the relationship between DNA, genes and chromosomes? In other words are they made out of the same material? Do they have the same function or how is their function related?What is the relationship between DNA, genes and chromosomes?
When a cell needs to duplicate, DNA strands are tightly coiled into chromosomes (chromosomes are made up of DNA and protein). Genes are certain stretches of DNA that code for a certain protein with a specific bodily function. On a chromosome, the location of the gene is called a locus.
DNA contains all the genetic material that decides a person's traits, such as hair color, eye color, etc. The DNA also passes on traits from the parents to the offspring, which is why children always have common traits with their parents. Genes carry the information needed to pass on these traits.
In summary, DNA, genes, and chromosomes are very similar in their 'composition', since genes are stretches of DNA that codes for certain proteins and chromosomes are made up of coiled DNA. Their functions are the same in the sense that they are all vital in passing on traits from the parent to the child, and therefore in determining the physical traits of the offspring.
Hope this helps!What is the relationship between DNA, genes and chromosomes?
Chromosomes contain ~ equal parts of scaffolding protein and DNA that form a linear structure. The structure can be opened out for access to genes (open reading frames) located along the DNA or the structure can be compressed for easy handling during cell replication.
DNA is a polypeptide made up of deoxyribonucleotides, or bases, chained together in strands. Running in opposite directions two strands form the helical ladder of DNA. Base sequences in the region we call a gene can be read as groups of three bases or codons. A gene has a reading frame structure from a promoter where transcription begins and continues through the reading frame to a point where transcription ends.
http://genome.wellcome.ac.uk/doc_WTD0207鈥?/a>
The gene is the trait coding sequence along the DNA strand that encodes either a protein or a functional RNA.
The gene is the address, or loci, of a coding frame that is occupied by a particular allele, or version, of the gene. Everyone has the gene but not everyone has the same allele of the gene.What is the relationship between DNA, genes and chromosomes?
DNA is a chemical compound responsible for carrying genetic information from one generation to other so it is a genetic material.
gene is a broad term refers to all genetic material which code a active polypeptide and have a cistron , muton and recon activity. it may be RNA or DNA. both can act as gene.
chromosome is a supercoild structure of DNA either interact with histon or histon like protein(prokaryotes). it is localized to certain specified locaton in cell.
Chromosomes contain genes, genes are segments of the chromosome which is made out of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid).
When a cell needs to duplicate, DNA strands are tightly coiled into chromosomes (chromosomes are made up of DNA and protein). Genes are certain stretches of DNA that code for a certain protein with a specific bodily function. On a chromosome, the location of the gene is called a locus.
DNA contains all the genetic material that decides a person's traits, such as hair color, eye color, etc. The DNA also passes on traits from the parents to the offspring, which is why children always have common traits with their parents. Genes carry the information needed to pass on these traits.
In summary, DNA, genes, and chromosomes are very similar in their 'composition', since genes are stretches of DNA that codes for certain proteins and chromosomes are made up of coiled DNA. Their functions are the same in the sense that they are all vital in passing on traits from the parent to the child, and therefore in determining the physical traits of the offspring.
Hope this helps!What is the relationship between DNA, genes and chromosomes?
Chromosomes contain ~ equal parts of scaffolding protein and DNA that form a linear structure. The structure can be opened out for access to genes (open reading frames) located along the DNA or the structure can be compressed for easy handling during cell replication.
DNA is a polypeptide made up of deoxyribonucleotides, or bases, chained together in strands. Running in opposite directions two strands form the helical ladder of DNA. Base sequences in the region we call a gene can be read as groups of three bases or codons. A gene has a reading frame structure from a promoter where transcription begins and continues through the reading frame to a point where transcription ends.
http://genome.wellcome.ac.uk/doc_WTD0207鈥?/a>
The gene is the trait coding sequence along the DNA strand that encodes either a protein or a functional RNA.
The gene is the address, or loci, of a coding frame that is occupied by a particular allele, or version, of the gene. Everyone has the gene but not everyone has the same allele of the gene.What is the relationship between DNA, genes and chromosomes?
DNA is a chemical compound responsible for carrying genetic information from one generation to other so it is a genetic material.
gene is a broad term refers to all genetic material which code a active polypeptide and have a cistron , muton and recon activity. it may be RNA or DNA. both can act as gene.
chromosome is a supercoild structure of DNA either interact with histon or histon like protein(prokaryotes). it is localized to certain specified locaton in cell.
Chromosomes contain genes, genes are segments of the chromosome which is made out of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid).
When one DNA molecule is replicated, the result is two DNA molecules. What is true of the second DNA molecule?
A. It is identical or nearly identical to the first DNA molecule.
B. The sequence of bases, from top to bottom, is opposite the sequence in the first DNA molecule.
C. It is half the size of the first DNA molecule.
D. It is twice the size of the first DNA molecule.When one DNA molecule is replicated, the result is two DNA molecules. What is true of the second DNA molecule?
A. It is identical
B. The sequence of bases, from top to bottom, is opposite the sequence in the first DNA molecule.
C. It is half the size of the first DNA molecule.
D. It is twice the size of the first DNA molecule.When one DNA molecule is replicated, the result is two DNA molecules. What is true of the second DNA molecule?
A. It is identical
How might alterations in DNA structure be harmful to a species?
How might alterations in DNA structure be harmful to a species? How might such alterations be beneficial? What type of genetic change is most important for evolution?How might alterations in DNA structure be harmful to a species?
Mutation is most important for evolution, as it provides the genetic variation that make recombination, random drift, (and eventually natural selection itself) possible.
The most basic type of alteration to the structure of DNA comes in the form of a mutation. Mutations can be both harmful and beneficial, depending on the outcome. It all depends on whether the mutation causes a favorable genotypic and/or phenotypic result.How might alterations in DNA structure be harmful to a species?
An analogy that might be helpful is comparing the process of DNA making proteins as a song. A song has certain notes that must played at certain times. There are pauses (exons) and notes (introns) that must be played at certain moments for the song to "make sense". If there is too long of a pause (mutations causing a reading frame shift) then the song does not make sense.
Point mutations are usually so insignificant that they do not alter the "notes being played." But if there's too many mutations called deleterious mutations, the note (intron) will not translate into an understandable sound. So it just sounds like noise.
There are some time specific external (environmental) changes that cause mutations which may help a species adapt to its environment. Which would be called a beneficial adaptation. A harmful mutation is a mutation that affects either the sexual reproduction of a species or affects its survival rate.
What type of change is most important for evolution? Change is really an objective measuring stick. Going back to the analogy of the song, if you miss a note or pause too quickly or for too long, the song itself changes. But if the song is an "improvisation" of sorts, then it will "sound good" because of the environment its in.
Phew, Now you owe me a penny for my penny thoughts.
I hope this helped...
later.How might alterations in DNA structure be harmful to a species?
Alteration of DNA can lead to problems such as improper base pairing. Improper base structures tell DNA POL that it's a different base, for example for example through deamination loss of amino groups from the base the A looks like a Hypoxanthine which looks like a G, C without the amino group looks like a Uracil which is similar to Thymine in the case of DNA obviously base pairing with Adenine, instead of an Adenine you place a Guanine now instead of making A=T YOU are forming G= C which can lead to improper protein synthesis, Alterations in the DNA can be beneficial to Viruses and certain microrganisms. Viruses grow drug resistance because they have changes, alterations in their DNA sequence/ structure which can lead to different proteins being formed which causes drug resistance and in some cases multi drug resistance, the drugs that used to block a certain protein can no longer block them since the entire protein has been changed. Often the genetic change is inferred from phenotypic changes that are heritable
Mutation is most important for evolution, as it provides the genetic variation that make recombination, random drift, (and eventually natural selection itself) possible.
The most basic type of alteration to the structure of DNA comes in the form of a mutation. Mutations can be both harmful and beneficial, depending on the outcome. It all depends on whether the mutation causes a favorable genotypic and/or phenotypic result.How might alterations in DNA structure be harmful to a species?
An analogy that might be helpful is comparing the process of DNA making proteins as a song. A song has certain notes that must played at certain times. There are pauses (exons) and notes (introns) that must be played at certain moments for the song to "make sense". If there is too long of a pause (mutations causing a reading frame shift) then the song does not make sense.
Point mutations are usually so insignificant that they do not alter the "notes being played." But if there's too many mutations called deleterious mutations, the note (intron) will not translate into an understandable sound. So it just sounds like noise.
There are some time specific external (environmental) changes that cause mutations which may help a species adapt to its environment. Which would be called a beneficial adaptation. A harmful mutation is a mutation that affects either the sexual reproduction of a species or affects its survival rate.
What type of change is most important for evolution? Change is really an objective measuring stick. Going back to the analogy of the song, if you miss a note or pause too quickly or for too long, the song itself changes. But if the song is an "improvisation" of sorts, then it will "sound good" because of the environment its in.
Phew, Now you owe me a penny for my penny thoughts.
I hope this helped...
later.How might alterations in DNA structure be harmful to a species?
Alteration of DNA can lead to problems such as improper base pairing. Improper base structures tell DNA POL that it's a different base, for example for example through deamination loss of amino groups from the base the A looks like a Hypoxanthine which looks like a G, C without the amino group looks like a Uracil which is similar to Thymine in the case of DNA obviously base pairing with Adenine, instead of an Adenine you place a Guanine now instead of making A=T YOU are forming G= C which can lead to improper protein synthesis, Alterations in the DNA can be beneficial to Viruses and certain microrganisms. Viruses grow drug resistance because they have changes, alterations in their DNA sequence/ structure which can lead to different proteins being formed which causes drug resistance and in some cases multi drug resistance, the drugs that used to block a certain protein can no longer block them since the entire protein has been changed. Often the genetic change is inferred from phenotypic changes that are heritable
What is best prenatal dna testing during pregnancy?
I am only 4 weeks pregnant and have 2 possiblities that could be the father. I need dna testing asap before baby is born.What is best prenatal dna testing during pregnancy?
The only way to do DNA testing before the baby is born is when you have the amnio done. I am not having an amnio because of how invasive it is. If I were you, I'd wait until the baby is born...What is best prenatal dna testing during pregnancy?
Getting a DNA test before the baby is born is an invasive test and is dangerous for your baby. You would be better of talking to a doctor if you really need to get one.muffler electric car
The only way to do DNA testing before the baby is born is when you have the amnio done. I am not having an amnio because of how invasive it is. If I were you, I'd wait until the baby is born...What is best prenatal dna testing during pregnancy?
Getting a DNA test before the baby is born is an invasive test and is dangerous for your baby. You would be better of talking to a doctor if you really need to get one.
What is called when your splicing together DNA from 2 different organisms?
What is called when splicing together DNA from 2 different organisms?
Its one of the five choices:
Genetic engineering
recombinant DNA technology
Biotechnology
In Vitro gene technology
bioengineeringWhat is called when your splicing together DNA from 2 different organisms?
recombinant DNA technology. You're splitting the DNA from 2 different organisms and "recombining" pieces from each organisms together.
Its one of the five choices:
Genetic engineering
recombinant DNA technology
Biotechnology
In Vitro gene technology
bioengineeringWhat is called when your splicing together DNA from 2 different organisms?
recombinant DNA technology. You're splitting the DNA from 2 different organisms and "recombining" pieces from each organisms together.
What advantage is it to know how the molecules of DNA express themselves as amino acids in proteins?
What advantage is it to know how the molecules of DNA express themselves as amino acids in proteins?
In depth please, I need help.What advantage is it to know how the molecules of DNA express themselves as amino acids in proteins?
DNA is transcribed by RNA polymerase to make RNA. The RNA is then translated to make proteins. By understanding how these processes work, we have been able to learn how to determine the underlying causes of disease or how to produce therapeutically useful proteins from bacteria, insect cells or even "pharm" animals. There seem to be a lot of questions that you are not explicitly asking within your question, so I will stop here.
In depth please, I need help.What advantage is it to know how the molecules of DNA express themselves as amino acids in proteins?
DNA is transcribed by RNA polymerase to make RNA. The RNA is then translated to make proteins. By understanding how these processes work, we have been able to learn how to determine the underlying causes of disease or how to produce therapeutically useful proteins from bacteria, insect cells or even "pharm" animals. There seem to be a lot of questions that you are not explicitly asking within your question, so I will stop here.
Two sets of DNA in plants - how the heck to draw a punnet square for it?
When punnet squares for dominant and recessive genes are drawn for people, do they imply nucleic DNA or mitochondrial DNA? In a plant's punnet square, is it either of those or chloroplastic DNA? What are the differences?Two sets of DNA in plants - how the heck to draw a punnet square for it?
The Punnett squares have nothing to do with the mitochondrial or the chloroplast DNA. Those are copied when the cytoplasm is increased during the G1 and G2 stages of interphase. The Punnett squares only deal with the genes or alleles that are on the chromosomes that are in the nucleus.
The mitochondrial DNA and chloroplast DNA would only be passed along in the maternal cells.Two sets of DNA in plants - how the heck to draw a punnet square for it?
Your question is confusing, First you state that you want to draw a punnet square for plants, but then say you want to draw one for people?
BB = Two Dominant.
Bb = Dominant and Recessive.
bb = two Recessive.
A Punnet sqaure is Diamond shaped.
I have no clue what you mean by Nucleic, Nucleic or Clhoroplastic DNA. That was never mentioned in my Botany class, perhaps we didn't dwell too much into that.
The Punnett squares have nothing to do with the mitochondrial or the chloroplast DNA. Those are copied when the cytoplasm is increased during the G1 and G2 stages of interphase. The Punnett squares only deal with the genes or alleles that are on the chromosomes that are in the nucleus.
The mitochondrial DNA and chloroplast DNA would only be passed along in the maternal cells.Two sets of DNA in plants - how the heck to draw a punnet square for it?
Your question is confusing, First you state that you want to draw a punnet square for plants, but then say you want to draw one for people?
BB = Two Dominant.
Bb = Dominant and Recessive.
bb = two Recessive.
A Punnet sqaure is Diamond shaped.
I have no clue what you mean by Nucleic, Nucleic or Clhoroplastic DNA. That was never mentioned in my Botany class, perhaps we didn't dwell too much into that.
How much does dog DNA testing cost in the state of Massachusetts?
Wanted to know exactually what breed my dog is. I live in Auburn, MA and I have a 12 week old 'Shiba Inu'. I drove down to VA for her so wanted to make sure that she was what I bargined for. If anyones knows about DNA testing around my area or ur own and how much approximately the cost of the proceedure answers would be appreciated. Thank you.How much does dog DNA testing cost in the state of Massachusetts?
You can get a DNA test test done from the AKC for $40, but it will not prove the dog's breed. There is no such DNA test available to prove breed. DNA testing will only prove parentage from dogs who already have DNA profiles.
The DNA Profile Program is a voluntary program the fancy can use to strengthen their breeding programs. Participants receive an AKC DNA Profile with the dog's registration information, owner's name, DNA Profile Number, and the dog's actual genotype.
In others words, if the parents do not have DNA profiles on file, you're out of luck.How much does dog DNA testing cost in the state of Massachusetts?
40 dollars...i breed yorkiesHow much does dog DNA testing cost in the state of Massachusetts?
I dont know if the prices are specific to an area but my breeder told me that he paid $60 for a DNA test (this is in NY). Good luck!
It depends on where you go. The only experience I've had with DNA testing is with my pony- it cost $30, along with shipping and handling, sending the hair samples to Kentucky.
I suggest searching the internet, or even contacting the breed registry for information.
Good luck, and congratulations on your new dog!
You can get a DNA test test done from the AKC for $40, but it will not prove the dog's breed. There is no such DNA test available to prove breed. DNA testing will only prove parentage from dogs who already have DNA profiles.
The DNA Profile Program is a voluntary program the fancy can use to strengthen their breeding programs. Participants receive an AKC DNA Profile with the dog's registration information, owner's name, DNA Profile Number, and the dog's actual genotype.
In others words, if the parents do not have DNA profiles on file, you're out of luck.How much does dog DNA testing cost in the state of Massachusetts?
40 dollars...i breed yorkiesHow much does dog DNA testing cost in the state of Massachusetts?
I dont know if the prices are specific to an area but my breeder told me that he paid $60 for a DNA test (this is in NY). Good luck!
It depends on where you go. The only experience I've had with DNA testing is with my pony- it cost $30, along with shipping and handling, sending the hair samples to Kentucky.
I suggest searching the internet, or even contacting the breed registry for information.
Good luck, and congratulations on your new dog!
What directs linear DNA to form chromosomes with perfect X shapes with a centromere?
Is there a certain molecule involved that comes out and starts pushing the supercoiled DNA into the X shaped chromosome? I know histones are involved but every single damn time the thing becomes an X or a partial X with a centromere. How does it happen? How the hell does it know to do that so that the spindle fibers can later move it to the sides?What directs linear DNA to form chromosomes with perfect X shapes with a centromere?
It's not all that magical. Start with a chromosome - a long string of DNA. It replicates. Now there are two long strings of DNA, held together at the centromere by specific proteins that recognize specific DNA sequences at the centromere. This DNA is wrapped around histones, but is still largely decondensed. Eventually, the chromosome will condense, as other proteins wrap up the histone-bound DNA in various ways. That's what creates the X shape (though, of course, the centromere can be anywhere on the chromosome, so it doesn't always look like a perfect X): two condensed strands of DNA, held together at the centromere.What directs linear DNA to form chromosomes with perfect X shapes with a centromere?
When DNA is in the shape of an X, that is actually a chromosome that has replicated. (So it is actually 2 chromosomes).yamaha outboards forza motorsport 3
It's not all that magical. Start with a chromosome - a long string of DNA. It replicates. Now there are two long strings of DNA, held together at the centromere by specific proteins that recognize specific DNA sequences at the centromere. This DNA is wrapped around histones, but is still largely decondensed. Eventually, the chromosome will condense, as other proteins wrap up the histone-bound DNA in various ways. That's what creates the X shape (though, of course, the centromere can be anywhere on the chromosome, so it doesn't always look like a perfect X): two condensed strands of DNA, held together at the centromere.What directs linear DNA to form chromosomes with perfect X shapes with a centromere?
When DNA is in the shape of an X, that is actually a chromosome that has replicated. (So it is actually 2 chromosomes).
Husband has Sperm DNA fragmentation what is the best treatment?
My husband and I have been TTC for 12 months on and off. We have been seeing a fertility naturopath for past 4-5months. SHe did all the tests on us and we discovered my husband has DNA fragmentation. She says that her herbal/natural remedies will work with time. When should we consider my husband going to see a male reproductive doctor?Husband has Sperm DNA fragmentation what is the best treatment?
try this website
its the best i could come up with
http://www.scsadiagnostics.com/
try this website
its the best i could come up with
http://www.scsadiagnostics.com/
What is the main difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic dna mechanisms?
DNA replication mechanismsWhat is the main difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic dna mechanisms?
Prokaryotic cells have 1 origin of dna replication where as eukaryotic cells can have 100 or 1000 origin points. Also eukaryotic cells DNA becomes shorter ea time after replication due to the RNA primer being removal. Thus creating the new lagging strand for the next set of DNA replication. Prokaryotic cells dont have this problem because theiir DNA is circular I hope this is what your looking for!!!
Prokaryotic cells have 1 origin of dna replication where as eukaryotic cells can have 100 or 1000 origin points. Also eukaryotic cells DNA becomes shorter ea time after replication due to the RNA primer being removal. Thus creating the new lagging strand for the next set of DNA replication. Prokaryotic cells dont have this problem because theiir DNA is circular I hope this is what your looking for!!!
What is the main difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic dna mechanisms?
DNA replication mechanismsWhat is the main difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic dna mechanisms?
Prokaryotic cells have 1 origin of dna replication where as eukaryotic cells can have 100 or 1000 origin points. Also eukaryotic cells DNA becomes shorter ea time after replication due to the RNA primer being removal. Thus creating the new lagging strand for the next set of DNA replication. Prokaryotic cells dont have this problem because theiir DNA is circular I hope this is what your looking for!!!
Prokaryotic cells have 1 origin of dna replication where as eukaryotic cells can have 100 or 1000 origin points. Also eukaryotic cells DNA becomes shorter ea time after replication due to the RNA primer being removal. Thus creating the new lagging strand for the next set of DNA replication. Prokaryotic cells dont have this problem because theiir DNA is circular I hope this is what your looking for!!!
What is the best company to use for ancestral DNA Testing?
Does anybody have any ideas of what would be the best company to go through for Ancestral DNA Testing. There are so many, and I don't know which is the most accreditted. I would appreciate any advice. Thanks.What is the best company to use for ancestral DNA Testing?
Katie, Here is a good introduction to the field with names of some reputable companies:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetic_gen鈥?/a>
As you can see, the article talks about Prof. Michael Hammer as a pioneer in the field. Prof. Hammer's FamilytreeDNA Labs in Houston has the biggest database. http://www.familytreedna.com/
I would also recommend reading the books 'Journey of Man' and 'Inside the Genographic Project' by Dr. Spencer Wells http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spencer_Wel鈥?/a> before investing in any expensive testing. He has a PhD from Harvard and worked at Stanford University with the best minds in the field, such as Luigi Cavalli Sforza http://med.stanford.edu/profiles/Luigi_C鈥?/a> Currently, he is the director of the Genographic Project sponsored by National Geographic and IBM. His books are easy to understand for people without PhDs in genetics. They helped me build an understanding of the field.What is the best company to use for ancestral DNA Testing?
There are several options for DNA testing for Ancestry purposes. The answer to your question will largely depend on what you are trying to determine with your testing.
Currently, accreditation is not required for DNA Ancestry testing. The laboratories that perform the testing may have various accreditations, but none of these are directly related to the type of testing you are requesting.
I would look for a company who has excellent customer service and is able to answer all of your questions. This will help ensure you get the testing you are looking for and will have the support you need when you get your results.
Katie, Here is a good introduction to the field with names of some reputable companies:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetic_gen鈥?/a>
As you can see, the article talks about Prof. Michael Hammer as a pioneer in the field. Prof. Hammer's FamilytreeDNA Labs in Houston has the biggest database. http://www.familytreedna.com/
I would also recommend reading the books 'Journey of Man' and 'Inside the Genographic Project' by Dr. Spencer Wells http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spencer_Wel鈥?/a> before investing in any expensive testing. He has a PhD from Harvard and worked at Stanford University with the best minds in the field, such as Luigi Cavalli Sforza http://med.stanford.edu/profiles/Luigi_C鈥?/a> Currently, he is the director of the Genographic Project sponsored by National Geographic and IBM. His books are easy to understand for people without PhDs in genetics. They helped me build an understanding of the field.What is the best company to use for ancestral DNA Testing?
There are several options for DNA testing for Ancestry purposes. The answer to your question will largely depend on what you are trying to determine with your testing.
Currently, accreditation is not required for DNA Ancestry testing. The laboratories that perform the testing may have various accreditations, but none of these are directly related to the type of testing you are requesting.
I would look for a company who has excellent customer service and is able to answer all of your questions. This will help ensure you get the testing you are looking for and will have the support you need when you get your results.
What happens when all parties are swabbed for a DNA test and the tips are touching? Could he be the dad?
My brother went to Walgreen's and bought a DNA test in a box, swabbed all parties and put all the swabs in the same envelope and they were all touching one another. The results came back and one was in the 92 percentile and the other was in the 96 percentile. Is there a possibility that the swabs were contaminated with his DNA when they touched in the envelope? Does he need to take this DNA test the right way through a reputable company?What happens when all parties are swabbed for a DNA test and the tips are touching? Could he be the dad?
Unless he stuck them into his mouth/nose/ other orifices or handled the tips with his hands he can't have contaminated them. It's more likely that they contaminated each other. The swabs should have been seperatly preserved, I'm afraid your results are uselessqdoba coupons chuckie cheese
Unless he stuck them into his mouth/nose/ other orifices or handled the tips with his hands he can't have contaminated them. It's more likely that they contaminated each other. The swabs should have been seperatly preserved, I'm afraid your results are useless
How does DNA give an organism its characteristics?
Is DNA the only thing passed from generation to generation?
My understanding is that DNA is the genetic material which contains everything needed to form an organism.
But a while ago in biology, I learnt that all DNA does is code for proteins. So one combination of bases means that a cell produces a particular protein.
But what does this have to do with the organism as a whole? How does producing different proteins mean that a cow has 4 legs and a human 2?
Am I missing something?How does DNA give an organism its characteristics?
Whoa, it seems your teachers gave a lot for granted. I'll try to keep this simple - forgive me if I state the obvious but I want to make sure we're on the same page.
What passes from one generation to the other can be described as one of the maternal cells, with a nucleus rearranged so that it contains both maternal and paternal DNA. The mitochondria and chloroplasts are special cellular organelles containing their own DNA: in animals, only the maternal mitochondrial DNA is passed on.
DNA codes for proteins; more exactly, DNA codes for mRNA which codes for proteins. A piece of DNA coding for a protein is called a gene. When the protein is produced, we say that the gene is expressed.
Now a brain cell and a white cell have the same DNA, but they are very different because during and after their development, they express different genes. How is the process regulated? Let's start with a model organism:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drosophila_鈥?/a>
In the fruit fly, four initial genes are responsible for determining where the head and the tail of the future fly will be. This is possible because the mRNAs for the 'head end' gene are present in one end of the egg and those for the 'tail end' gene in the other end. So a first rough draft of the body plan is laid. What's important is that the proteins coded by these mRNAs are capable of interacting with the DNA, promoting the expression of other genes in a cascade of activations. For example, protein E might be produced in the region of the embryo where the relative concentrations of A and B are 75 to 25, and protein E might be the placeholder for the thorax of the future insect; you can bet that all the genes coding for 'head' structures such as brain, eyes and antennae will be switched off by the presence of E, whereas the expression of genes for 'thorax' structures such as legs and wings will be encouraged. All the process is finely timed, like a circus number, and proceeds from basic shapes to finer structures; eyes and hairs do not form until the boundaries of the head and legs have been determined.
You're wrong in stating that a cow has 4 legs and a human 2: both have 4 limbs, it's only their shape that is different - a minor thing compared to their number.
One striking characteristic of animals is metamery - we're made of repetitive segments. You see this well in a fish bone, or in our spine. There are genes determining how many repetitive segments will the animal have, and genes determining what structures will be present in a given segment. These genes, called homeotic, are responsible for the most striking alterations in body plan during development. Even a single mutation in one of these genes can give rise to a fly with legs sprouting out of its head, or with an extra pair of wings. A characteristic of these genes is that they're very similar to each other and aligned on the chromosome - which makes their duplication very likely. Each subsequent duplication is nature's occasion for more bizarre experimentation. But I'm raving at this point, and you already get the picture...
Hope this helped.How does DNA give an organism its characteristics?
DNA is made up of chromosomes and proteins. These chromosomes contain specific codes from your parents genes that come together and determine your characteristics. The genes in DNA that you receive are determined by if there are recessive or dominant. So for example, if your mother has blue eyes and your father has brown eyes, you will have a 50% chance of blue eyes. This is because blue eyes are recessive, their code is b b, and brown eyes contain a dominate allele, their code is B b.How does DNA give an organism its characteristics?
Those proteins either are the structure or direct the formation of the structure.
My understanding is that DNA is the genetic material which contains everything needed to form an organism.
But a while ago in biology, I learnt that all DNA does is code for proteins. So one combination of bases means that a cell produces a particular protein.
But what does this have to do with the organism as a whole? How does producing different proteins mean that a cow has 4 legs and a human 2?
Am I missing something?How does DNA give an organism its characteristics?
Whoa, it seems your teachers gave a lot for granted. I'll try to keep this simple - forgive me if I state the obvious but I want to make sure we're on the same page.
What passes from one generation to the other can be described as one of the maternal cells, with a nucleus rearranged so that it contains both maternal and paternal DNA. The mitochondria and chloroplasts are special cellular organelles containing their own DNA: in animals, only the maternal mitochondrial DNA is passed on.
DNA codes for proteins; more exactly, DNA codes for mRNA which codes for proteins. A piece of DNA coding for a protein is called a gene. When the protein is produced, we say that the gene is expressed.
Now a brain cell and a white cell have the same DNA, but they are very different because during and after their development, they express different genes. How is the process regulated? Let's start with a model organism:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drosophila_鈥?/a>
In the fruit fly, four initial genes are responsible for determining where the head and the tail of the future fly will be. This is possible because the mRNAs for the 'head end' gene are present in one end of the egg and those for the 'tail end' gene in the other end. So a first rough draft of the body plan is laid. What's important is that the proteins coded by these mRNAs are capable of interacting with the DNA, promoting the expression of other genes in a cascade of activations. For example, protein E might be produced in the region of the embryo where the relative concentrations of A and B are 75 to 25, and protein E might be the placeholder for the thorax of the future insect; you can bet that all the genes coding for 'head' structures such as brain, eyes and antennae will be switched off by the presence of E, whereas the expression of genes for 'thorax' structures such as legs and wings will be encouraged. All the process is finely timed, like a circus number, and proceeds from basic shapes to finer structures; eyes and hairs do not form until the boundaries of the head and legs have been determined.
You're wrong in stating that a cow has 4 legs and a human 2: both have 4 limbs, it's only their shape that is different - a minor thing compared to their number.
One striking characteristic of animals is metamery - we're made of repetitive segments. You see this well in a fish bone, or in our spine. There are genes determining how many repetitive segments will the animal have, and genes determining what structures will be present in a given segment. These genes, called homeotic, are responsible for the most striking alterations in body plan during development. Even a single mutation in one of these genes can give rise to a fly with legs sprouting out of its head, or with an extra pair of wings. A characteristic of these genes is that they're very similar to each other and aligned on the chromosome - which makes their duplication very likely. Each subsequent duplication is nature's occasion for more bizarre experimentation. But I'm raving at this point, and you already get the picture...
Hope this helped.How does DNA give an organism its characteristics?
DNA is made up of chromosomes and proteins. These chromosomes contain specific codes from your parents genes that come together and determine your characteristics. The genes in DNA that you receive are determined by if there are recessive or dominant. So for example, if your mother has blue eyes and your father has brown eyes, you will have a 50% chance of blue eyes. This is because blue eyes are recessive, their code is b b, and brown eyes contain a dominate allele, their code is B b.How does DNA give an organism its characteristics?
Those proteins either are the structure or direct the formation of the structure.
How much DNA is transcribed to make a protein?
How much DNA is transcribed to make a protein?
How are DNA and RNA different?
What letter is different between DNA and RNA?
What enzyme is used?How much DNA is transcribed to make a protein?
RNA polymerase is enzyme used.
http://www.diffen.com/difference/Dna_vs_鈥?/a>
letters different.
Deoxyribo in DNA
Ribo in RNAHow much DNA is transcribed to make a protein?
a. for every one amino acid in a protein, it took three base pairs of DNA to be transcribed. So for every amino acid, it takes three deoxynucleotides to code for it (one deoxynucleotide is a molecule made up of three smaller molecules: a phosphate group, a sugar (deoxyribose) and a base (one of Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine, or Thymine).
For example, a protein 100 amino acids long would require 300 bp (base pairs) of DNA to be transcribed.
b. The type of sugar used in a nucleotide of DNA is deoxyribose, which is why the nucleotides in DNA can be called deoxynucleotides. The type of sugar used in a nucleotide of RNA is ribose. The only difference between deoxyribose and ribose is the presence (RNA) or absence (DNA) of an Oxygen atom bonded to one of the carbons in the sugar.
The four bases used in DNA nucleotides are Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, and Thymine. RNA nucleotides use the same first three bases as DNA, but uses Uracil instead of Thymine.
c. I assume by "letter" they mean base. As previously stated, RNA nucleotides use Uracil and DNA nucleotides use Thymine instead. Thymine = T, Uracil = U.
d. I can't answer this question because it is unclear. What enzyme is used for what?? The enzyme used for transcribing DNA into RNA (and for copying RNA) is RNA polymerase. The enzyme used for copying (replicating) DNA is DNA polymerase. The enzyme used for "reverse transcribing" RNA into DNA is reverse transcriptase.
How are DNA and RNA different?
What letter is different between DNA and RNA?
What enzyme is used?How much DNA is transcribed to make a protein?
RNA polymerase is enzyme used.
http://www.diffen.com/difference/Dna_vs_鈥?/a>
letters different.
Deoxyribo in DNA
Ribo in RNAHow much DNA is transcribed to make a protein?
a. for every one amino acid in a protein, it took three base pairs of DNA to be transcribed. So for every amino acid, it takes three deoxynucleotides to code for it (one deoxynucleotide is a molecule made up of three smaller molecules: a phosphate group, a sugar (deoxyribose) and a base (one of Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine, or Thymine).
For example, a protein 100 amino acids long would require 300 bp (base pairs) of DNA to be transcribed.
b. The type of sugar used in a nucleotide of DNA is deoxyribose, which is why the nucleotides in DNA can be called deoxynucleotides. The type of sugar used in a nucleotide of RNA is ribose. The only difference between deoxyribose and ribose is the presence (RNA) or absence (DNA) of an Oxygen atom bonded to one of the carbons in the sugar.
The four bases used in DNA nucleotides are Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, and Thymine. RNA nucleotides use the same first three bases as DNA, but uses Uracil instead of Thymine.
c. I assume by "letter" they mean base. As previously stated, RNA nucleotides use Uracil and DNA nucleotides use Thymine instead. Thymine = T, Uracil = U.
d. I can't answer this question because it is unclear. What enzyme is used for what?? The enzyme used for transcribing DNA into RNA (and for copying RNA) is RNA polymerase. The enzyme used for copying (replicating) DNA is DNA polymerase. The enzyme used for "reverse transcribing" RNA into DNA is reverse transcriptase.
What is the most popular equipment that forensic scientists use to analyze DNA samples?
What is the most popular equipment that forensic scientists use to analyze DNA samples?
I have looked all over the internet and i can't find out..What is the most popular equipment that forensic scientists use to analyze DNA samples?What is the most popular equipment that forensic scientists use to analyze DNA samples?
A thermocycler. It is used for PCR.
I have looked all over the internet and i can't find out..What is the most popular equipment that forensic scientists use to analyze DNA samples?What is the most popular equipment that forensic scientists use to analyze DNA samples?
A thermocycler. It is used for PCR.
Decoding human DNA and the artificial alteration of fetuses: What do you think?
If scientists succeed in decoding human DNA, this may facilitate them to conduct artificial alteration of the DNA of unborn fetuses or of human egg cells in an effort to improve human health or performance.
Do you think we should alter DNA before a child is born?
If not why?Decoding human DNA and the artificial alteration of fetuses: What do you think?
We don't always know what is best for us, and some gene changes could have unseen side effects, it could be a huge waste of human life, and in my books, that is a very valuable thing.
Do you think we should alter DNA before a child is born?
If not why?Decoding human DNA and the artificial alteration of fetuses: What do you think?
We don't always know what is best for us, and some gene changes could have unseen side effects, it could be a huge waste of human life, and in my books, that is a very valuable thing.
What is the relationship between DNA and chromatin?
A. Chromatin means the collection of proteins encoded by DNA.
B. A chromatin is a DNA molecule that is separated during mitosis.
C. A chromatin is a unit of DNA whose sequence encode a protein.
D. Chromatin is the combination of DNA and associated proteins.
E. The chromatin is the protein structure that separates DNA chromosomes.What is the relationship between DNA and chromatin?
The answer is (D); Chromatin is the combination of DNA and associated proteins.
The "associated proteins" in this case are histones, which form octomers around which DNA wraps. The octomers themselves are organized into a spiral shape, creating a 30-nm chromatin fiber. These fibers themselves are further compacted around a "scaffold" of non-histone proteins.
The result is that a DNA molecule that may be almost a meter long is compacted into a chromosome that is only around 8 渭m in length.
Chromatin (with an N) should not be confused with chromatids (with a D), which would be answer (B) above. (Chromatids are also separated during the second meiotic division.)What is the relationship between DNA and chromatin?
Dboggle online russian translator
B. A chromatin is a DNA molecule that is separated during mitosis.
C. A chromatin is a unit of DNA whose sequence encode a protein.
D. Chromatin is the combination of DNA and associated proteins.
E. The chromatin is the protein structure that separates DNA chromosomes.What is the relationship between DNA and chromatin?
The answer is (D); Chromatin is the combination of DNA and associated proteins.
The "associated proteins" in this case are histones, which form octomers around which DNA wraps. The octomers themselves are organized into a spiral shape, creating a 30-nm chromatin fiber. These fibers themselves are further compacted around a "scaffold" of non-histone proteins.
The result is that a DNA molecule that may be almost a meter long is compacted into a chromosome that is only around 8 渭m in length.
Chromatin (with an N) should not be confused with chromatids (with a D), which would be answer (B) above. (Chromatids are also separated during the second meiotic division.)What is the relationship between DNA and chromatin?
D
What makes DNA so important that it can be found in all cells?
What makes DNA so important that it can be found in all cells?
DNA is found inside the nucleus in all bit bacteria cells.
On what specific structures within the nucleus is the DNA found? How many of these "structures" do you have in each of your cells?What makes DNA so important that it can be found in all cells?
"Cells are the building blocks to all life" ALL living things are made up of them, non living things are made of atoms.
In a cell there are proteins, water, nutrients, energy and DNA, an animal cell is made up of
-lysosomes; clean out system, then self destruct
-ribosomes; carry proteins
-endoplasmic reticulum; transfers protein
-mitochondria; transfers energy
-golgi bodies; remove waste
-vacuoles; hold water and nutrients
- cytoplasm; jelly structure hold everything in place
-cell membrane; outer like shell to protect the cell
-nucleus; is like the brain of the cell, contains the nucleolus and produces protein
-nucleolus; contains DNA
There in only one nucleus and nucleolus per cell. There are two types of cell, one prokaryotic, the other eukaryotic
-prokaryotic; have no nucleus and nucleolus, therefore the DNA is spread out in the cell, this includes bacteria
-eukaryotic; have a nucleus and nucleolus, the DNA is contained within, this includes animals and plants.
DNA is the genetic makeup, made up of chromosomes, 46 of them, 23 from mom 23 from dad. In these chromosomes are characteristics that will define your eye color, your hair, skin color, most everything. DNA is like a rule book, it tells the cells where to move, how to grow and what to do, like the brain, where would you be without it?What makes DNA so important that it can be found in all cells?
DNA is what tells things what it is and what it is supposed to do like a computer code in a computer.
DNA is found inside the nucleus in all bit bacteria cells.
On what specific structures within the nucleus is the DNA found? How many of these "structures" do you have in each of your cells?What makes DNA so important that it can be found in all cells?
"Cells are the building blocks to all life" ALL living things are made up of them, non living things are made of atoms.
In a cell there are proteins, water, nutrients, energy and DNA, an animal cell is made up of
-lysosomes; clean out system, then self destruct
-ribosomes; carry proteins
-endoplasmic reticulum; transfers protein
-mitochondria; transfers energy
-golgi bodies; remove waste
-vacuoles; hold water and nutrients
- cytoplasm; jelly structure hold everything in place
-cell membrane; outer like shell to protect the cell
-nucleus; is like the brain of the cell, contains the nucleolus and produces protein
-nucleolus; contains DNA
There in only one nucleus and nucleolus per cell. There are two types of cell, one prokaryotic, the other eukaryotic
-prokaryotic; have no nucleus and nucleolus, therefore the DNA is spread out in the cell, this includes bacteria
-eukaryotic; have a nucleus and nucleolus, the DNA is contained within, this includes animals and plants.
DNA is the genetic makeup, made up of chromosomes, 46 of them, 23 from mom 23 from dad. In these chromosomes are characteristics that will define your eye color, your hair, skin color, most everything. DNA is like a rule book, it tells the cells where to move, how to grow and what to do, like the brain, where would you be without it?What makes DNA so important that it can be found in all cells?
DNA is what tells things what it is and what it is supposed to do like a computer code in a computer.
What is the nicest way to ask my parents to take a dna test?
I wanna take a dna test. But the price seems so expensive and i don't think i myself, being 16 can afford it. So, i want to ask my parents if they are wiling to take a dna test. Maybe just my mom only. So, how am I to ask her?What is the nicest way to ask my parents to take a dna test?
I would just be honest about it. Tell her why you want her to take the test. If she doesn't agree tell her when you get a job you will pay her back. I don't think there's really a 'nice' way to ask your parents for a DNA test.
How about a little of the back story.
What is the problem?
Do you think that you aren't your parents natural child and are adopted? You should probably discuss this with a child advocacy lawyer. Files can be opened.What is the nicest way to ask my parents to take a dna test?
First of all, why do you want to? Because if you just want to find out if you are adopted, you can just ask them. Second of all, there is no easy way to ask that question.
If you feel you are adopted ask for documents. Birth certificate. Baby photo's. memories your parents have.
I'm sure of you sit down with them and talk you'll have no need for a DNA test.What is the nicest way to ask my parents to take a dna test?
Unless you have a good reason don't, if you do just ask and explain, your parents should be alright with anything you do really
I would just be honest about it. Tell her why you want her to take the test. If she doesn't agree tell her when you get a job you will pay her back. I don't think there's really a 'nice' way to ask your parents for a DNA test.
How about a little of the back story.
What is the problem?
Do you think that you aren't your parents natural child and are adopted? You should probably discuss this with a child advocacy lawyer. Files can be opened.What is the nicest way to ask my parents to take a dna test?
First of all, why do you want to? Because if you just want to find out if you are adopted, you can just ask them. Second of all, there is no easy way to ask that question.
If you feel you are adopted ask for documents. Birth certificate. Baby photo's. memories your parents have.
I'm sure of you sit down with them and talk you'll have no need for a DNA test.What is the nicest way to ask my parents to take a dna test?
Unless you have a good reason don't, if you do just ask and explain, your parents should be alright with anything you do really
How are DNA and RNA uniquely suited to their functions in living cells?
鈥?How are DNA and RNA uniquely suited to their functions in living cells?
鈥?How did Mendel use the scientific method in the development of his laws of inheritance?
鈥?What is the importance of meiosis in heredity and natural selection?How are DNA and RNA uniquely suited to their functions in living cells?
DNA is the repository of genetic information.It has a long half life.
RNA carries the information from genes, and it has a short half life.
Meiosis serves as the source of variation which is the raw material of evolution.
Mendel did statistical analysis to come to come to a conclusion
鈥?How did Mendel use the scientific method in the development of his laws of inheritance?
鈥?What is the importance of meiosis in heredity and natural selection?How are DNA and RNA uniquely suited to their functions in living cells?
DNA is the repository of genetic information.It has a long half life.
RNA carries the information from genes, and it has a short half life.
Meiosis serves as the source of variation which is the raw material of evolution.
Mendel did statistical analysis to come to come to a conclusion
What is DNA made out of? Is it a chain of molecules hooked together or is it something different?
The way I understand it is there are particles (protons, neutrons and electrons) that make up atoms. Atoms make up elements. Elements make up molecules. Then do molecules make up DNA?What is DNA made out of? Is it a chain of molecules hooked together or is it something different?
DNA is a molecule. Technically it's a double stranded polymer made up of subunits called nucleotides.
Each nucleotide unit consists of a phosphate group, a deoxyribose sugar molecule and a molecule called a base. There are 4 base types. it is the sequence of bases that encodes the genetic information.
DNA isn't real. It's just a concept that was made up to make evolution seem more plausible and to take God out of the picture.
We are created by God, not DNA.What is DNA made out of? Is it a chain of molecules hooked together or is it something different?
does anyone remember that wikipedia still exists?
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dna
http://www.accessexcellence.org/AE/AEC/C鈥?/a>
that should answer your question better than i canWhat is DNA made out of? Is it a chain of molecules hooked together or is it something different?
a chain of nucleotides
check out this website. it can tell you more than I can
http://blairdna.com/dna101.html
DNA is a molecule. Technically it's a double stranded polymer made up of subunits called nucleotides.
Each nucleotide unit consists of a phosphate group, a deoxyribose sugar molecule and a molecule called a base. There are 4 base types. it is the sequence of bases that encodes the genetic information.
DNA isn't real. It's just a concept that was made up to make evolution seem more plausible and to take God out of the picture.
We are created by God, not DNA.What is DNA made out of? Is it a chain of molecules hooked together or is it something different?
does anyone remember that wikipedia still exists?
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dna
http://www.accessexcellence.org/AE/AEC/C鈥?/a>
that should answer your question better than i canWhat is DNA made out of? Is it a chain of molecules hooked together or is it something different?
a chain of nucleotides
check out this website. it can tell you more than I can
http://blairdna.com/dna101.html
What is the best way to extract genomic DNA out of staphyloccocus bacteria?
Ive tried with a DNA mini prep kit using lysozyme, but it didn't work, the kit suggests using lysostaphin, but its expensive, anyother suggestions?What is the best way to extract genomic DNA out of staphyloccocus bacteria?
When I was working in the biochemistry lab, I was using sonication first to lyse the bacteria. I don't know for certain about your case, but the lysozyme wasn't strong enough for for my bacteria. I used lysozymes for the larger, less durable mammalian cells.What is the best way to extract genomic DNA out of staphyloccocus bacteria?
I don't think you can use a mini prep to get out genomic DNA. Mini preps are for plasmids which are much small then genomic DNA. In yeast we do a phenol-chloroform extraction to get out genomic DNA. Try doing a pubmed search for someone who isolated genomic DNA from staph.What is the best way to extract genomic DNA out of staphyloccocus bacteria?
A miniprep kit is designed to isolate plasmid DNA, so it will not work for genomic DNA. The genomic DNA is much larger and gets stuck in that glop when you add the neutralization solution. There are probably genomic DNA kits out there, so you might search for those. An old school method for separating plasmid DNA from genomic DNA is cesium chloride centrifugation. When working with genomic DNA it is important to be gentle (ie don't vortex) because the DNA can shear into pieces.eragon book 4 release date death certificates
When I was working in the biochemistry lab, I was using sonication first to lyse the bacteria. I don't know for certain about your case, but the lysozyme wasn't strong enough for for my bacteria. I used lysozymes for the larger, less durable mammalian cells.What is the best way to extract genomic DNA out of staphyloccocus bacteria?
I don't think you can use a mini prep to get out genomic DNA. Mini preps are for plasmids which are much small then genomic DNA. In yeast we do a phenol-chloroform extraction to get out genomic DNA. Try doing a pubmed search for someone who isolated genomic DNA from staph.What is the best way to extract genomic DNA out of staphyloccocus bacteria?
A miniprep kit is designed to isolate plasmid DNA, so it will not work for genomic DNA. The genomic DNA is much larger and gets stuck in that glop when you add the neutralization solution. There are probably genomic DNA kits out there, so you might search for those. An old school method for separating plasmid DNA from genomic DNA is cesium chloride centrifugation. When working with genomic DNA it is important to be gentle (ie don't vortex) because the DNA can shear into pieces.
Where should I send a sample of my DNA for analysis to determine ancestory?
I've heard a couple of times lately about places were you can send a DNA sample and they will analyze it and then they can tell you a lot about your ancestory. Can you recommend a reputable place to send mine? Also, what is a reasonable price for this service?Where should I send a sample of my DNA for analysis to determine ancestory?
You can have a DNA analysis performed for FREE by the Sorensen Molecular Genealogy Foundation. The turnaround time is much slower than the companies that charge for the service, but if you're not in a hurry, this is a great option.
As for reputation - many of the places that charge for DNA analysis actually send the samples to the Sorensen Molecular Genealogy Foundation.
try this link
http://dna.analysis.businesscoholics.com鈥?/a>Where should I send a sample of my DNA for analysis to determine ancestory?
Check these sites out:
http://www.healthanddna.com/ancestry.htm鈥?/a>
http://www.genetrack.com/us/
http://www.genetree.com/
http://www.ftdna.com/description.html#mt鈥?/a>
www.oxfordancestors.com/your-maternal.鈥?br>
You can have your DNA analyzed in two different ways: first your Y chromosome -assuming you are male- and then your mitochondrial DNA. Since the first one is suspectible to more mutations -thus interrupting the ancestory line, mDNA is preffered. A person鈥檚 maternal ancestry is traced by mitochondrial DNA or mtDNA for short. Both men and women possess mtDNA, but only women pass it on to their children.
So we all inherit our mtDNAs from our mothers, but not from our fathers. Your mother inherited it from her mother, who inherited it from hers, and so on back through time. Therefore, mtDNA traces an unbroken maternal line back through time for generation upon generation far further back than any written record. Research at Oxford University and elsewhere over many years has shown that all of our maternal lines are connected at some time in the past and that these connections can be traced by reading mtDNA. One striking finding was that people tended to cluster into a small number of groups, which could be defined by the precise sequence of their mtDNA. In native Europeans, for example, there were seven such groups, among Native Americans there were four, among Japanese people there were nine, and so on. Each of these groups, by an astounding yet inescapable logic, traced back to just one woman, the common maternal ancestor of everyone in her group, or clan. So by having your mDNA tested, you can find out which clan you belong. you only need a simple mouth smear.Where should I send a sample of my DNA for analysis to determine ancestory?
Here is the FAQ page for the ones I used
http://www.familytreedna.com/faqtip.html
They then match you to other people. The 12-point test is $149. It doesn't tell you much. If someone else matches you on all 12 points, there is a 90% chance you have a common ancestor 600 years ago. The 12-point will also tell you if there is a Native American back there somewhere. The 37-point test is another $149. If you match someone else on that one, there is a good chance you have a common ancestor who is closer. They match on the Y chromosone, so it is only good for sons of sons of sons . . .
They let you upload a GEDCOM, which helps.
Family Tree DNA does this, ftdna.com. They look for "markers", certain select genes. You pay according to how many markers you want checked, from as few as 12 to (the last I looked, they keep increasing) 67. Results take about a month. I would suggest not less than 25. 67 is extreme unless you are trying to prove something legally important. They did mine, and came up with what I knew of my ancestry, plus some mild surprises, like a Mongol connection, but given that the Mongols invaded Europe, and my mother's family was in the region they hit, not a big surprise. They have a number of "name groups" organized, in which people sharing a common last name try to use the genetic results to trace out relationships. I just read in mine that they had connected two people as (get this!) 15th cousins.
You can have a DNA analysis performed for FREE by the Sorensen Molecular Genealogy Foundation. The turnaround time is much slower than the companies that charge for the service, but if you're not in a hurry, this is a great option.
As for reputation - many of the places that charge for DNA analysis actually send the samples to the Sorensen Molecular Genealogy Foundation.
try this link
http://dna.analysis.businesscoholics.com鈥?/a>Where should I send a sample of my DNA for analysis to determine ancestory?
Check these sites out:
http://www.healthanddna.com/ancestry.htm鈥?/a>
http://www.genetrack.com/us/
http://www.genetree.com/
http://www.ftdna.com/description.html#mt鈥?/a>
www.oxfordancestors.com/your-maternal.鈥?br>
You can have your DNA analyzed in two different ways: first your Y chromosome -assuming you are male- and then your mitochondrial DNA. Since the first one is suspectible to more mutations -thus interrupting the ancestory line, mDNA is preffered. A person鈥檚 maternal ancestry is traced by mitochondrial DNA or mtDNA for short. Both men and women possess mtDNA, but only women pass it on to their children.
So we all inherit our mtDNAs from our mothers, but not from our fathers. Your mother inherited it from her mother, who inherited it from hers, and so on back through time. Therefore, mtDNA traces an unbroken maternal line back through time for generation upon generation far further back than any written record. Research at Oxford University and elsewhere over many years has shown that all of our maternal lines are connected at some time in the past and that these connections can be traced by reading mtDNA. One striking finding was that people tended to cluster into a small number of groups, which could be defined by the precise sequence of their mtDNA. In native Europeans, for example, there were seven such groups, among Native Americans there were four, among Japanese people there were nine, and so on. Each of these groups, by an astounding yet inescapable logic, traced back to just one woman, the common maternal ancestor of everyone in her group, or clan. So by having your mDNA tested, you can find out which clan you belong. you only need a simple mouth smear.Where should I send a sample of my DNA for analysis to determine ancestory?
Here is the FAQ page for the ones I used
http://www.familytreedna.com/faqtip.html
They then match you to other people. The 12-point test is $149. It doesn't tell you much. If someone else matches you on all 12 points, there is a 90% chance you have a common ancestor 600 years ago. The 12-point will also tell you if there is a Native American back there somewhere. The 37-point test is another $149. If you match someone else on that one, there is a good chance you have a common ancestor who is closer. They match on the Y chromosone, so it is only good for sons of sons of sons . . .
They let you upload a GEDCOM, which helps.
Family Tree DNA does this, ftdna.com. They look for "markers", certain select genes. You pay according to how many markers you want checked, from as few as 12 to (the last I looked, they keep increasing) 67. Results take about a month. I would suggest not less than 25. 67 is extreme unless you are trying to prove something legally important. They did mine, and came up with what I knew of my ancestry, plus some mild surprises, like a Mongol connection, but given that the Mongols invaded Europe, and my mother's family was in the region they hit, not a big surprise. They have a number of "name groups" organized, in which people sharing a common last name try to use the genetic results to trace out relationships. I just read in mine that they had connected two people as (get this!) 15th cousins.
What college or corporation has successfully added significant DNA changes to any species?
I am talking about 10% or more change in the DNA information where a new species is created.
Please tell me of any college or company that has successfully accomplished this small task, evolutionary change?What college or corporation has successfully added significant DNA changes to any species?
There is none.
We have not yet intelligently changed DNA and have any species live, much less introduce a new species.
Please tell me of any college or company that has successfully accomplished this small task, evolutionary change?What college or corporation has successfully added significant DNA changes to any species?
There is none.
We have not yet intelligently changed DNA and have any species live, much less introduce a new species.
What is the cheapest method for determining protein DNA interactions?
I am currently looking for techniques or assays to determine if a particular transcription factor binds to the promoter of my gene of interest. I am aware of CHiP, but that is extremely expensive. I wanted to avoid EMSA considering it's pretty tedious. Is there a simple assay that can detect protein DNA interaction?What is the cheapest method for determining protein DNA interactions?
EMSA are probably the cheapest and not that hard. You can even use the ethidium bromide way instead of radioisotopes although it's not as good.
A more difficult way would be to pull out a protein using a biotinylated nucleic acid and then doing a western. Reviewers will not like this method though.
EMSA are probably the cheapest and not that hard. You can even use the ethidium bromide way instead of radioisotopes although it's not as good.
A more difficult way would be to pull out a protein using a biotinylated nucleic acid and then doing a western. Reviewers will not like this method though.
What's the difference between recombinant DNA technology and PCR?
Okay so an example is when your producing erythropoietin using the two different methods. Do they do the same thing just different ways or do they work together to produce more erythropoietin? I.e. does PCR create more of it (because only a small amount can be extracted) and then recombinant DNA technology clones it or do both processes clone the gene for insertion into the body? Any help is greatly appreciated.What's the difference between recombinant DNA technology and PCR?
PCR makes copies of a certain gene (depending on the primer used) but not of others in a mixture of genes.
Recombinant DNA technology is what you call the process of glueing together DNA from different sources.
PCR makes copies of a certain gene (depending on the primer used) but not of others in a mixture of genes.
Recombinant DNA technology is what you call the process of glueing together DNA from different sources.
Some have argued that DNA samples for pre-trial identification is a violation of their 5th Amendment right to?
Some have argued that DNA samples for pre-trial identification is a violation of their 5th Amendment right to be free from incriminating themselves. What do you think? Does the 5th amendment extend to DNA swabs?Some have argued that DNA samples for pre-trial identification is a violation of their 5th Amendment right to?
Not if our legal system is indeed based on justice and not just loop holes and legal garbadegoog.Some have argued that DNA samples for pre-trial identification is a violation of their 5th Amendment right to?
Nope. DNA is perfectly reasonable. If we won't let them do DNA tests, what next? Not being able to look at their shoe prints?
We allow fingerprint dusting- how is that any less incriminating than DNA? They're both a part of you.
It makes me sick when people commit crimes and then call the police lawbreakers for simply trying to keep us safe.Some have argued that DNA samples for pre-trial identification is a violation of their 5th Amendment right to?
They are not incriminating themselves. The doctors preforming the test are incriminating them.
Correction:
Only the GUILTY are complaining.
If I were innocent, I'd hurry to get DNA'ed.book club recommendations vocelli
Not if our legal system is indeed based on justice and not just loop holes and legal garbadegoog.Some have argued that DNA samples for pre-trial identification is a violation of their 5th Amendment right to?
Nope. DNA is perfectly reasonable. If we won't let them do DNA tests, what next? Not being able to look at their shoe prints?
We allow fingerprint dusting- how is that any less incriminating than DNA? They're both a part of you.
It makes me sick when people commit crimes and then call the police lawbreakers for simply trying to keep us safe.Some have argued that DNA samples for pre-trial identification is a violation of their 5th Amendment right to?
They are not incriminating themselves. The doctors preforming the test are incriminating them.
Correction:
Only the GUILTY are complaining.
If I were innocent, I'd hurry to get DNA'ed.
What dna test is right for testing paternal grandmothers ancestry?
I am tracking my paternal grandmother's ancestry and have hit a roadblock. I'd like to do dna testing to see, but I'm not sure which test would give me the correct results-admixture? Also, does it matter if it's a female or male descendant who does the test? Since they're expensive tests, I want to make sure we do it correctly! Thanks!What dna test is right for testing paternal grandmothers ancestry?
I consider mtDNA and Y-chromosome testing as having more anthropological value than genealogical. The new autosomal "Family Finder" test at Family Tree DNA holds more potential value, as the database builds.
I have not checked into the autosomal tests offered at Sorensen yet. They will all depend on how large the existing databases with which to compare your results to, becomes. In the past Sorensen has not shared the databases they have. If they continue this the test will be of little value. GeneTree is selling Sorensens results in small pieces and with speculative results. GeneTree, rather than testing the haplogroup's defining markers, is 'predicting' them with dubious results.
None can yet give you the names of your kin. They will give you a bunch of numbers and letters and wish you luck.What dna test is right for testing paternal grandmothers ancestry?
In gerneral, a male can be tested for both mtDNA and yDNA. A female can only be tested for mtDNA, and for yDNA results, for the best results, she needs a brother or her father to be tested.
Both the yDNA and mtDNA test work only in straight lines; the mtDNA tests the mother, her mother, her mother...and so on. The yDNA test works for the father, his father, his father, etc.
Neither will work in the zig-zag fashion. E.g., in you case, you father can be tested for the yDNA, but it will not reflect his mother's DNA. It will show his paternal grandfather, but none of the other 3 grandparents.
So, the autosomal DNA will do some good. However, in my own case, it came up with one person who is my 8th cousin, twice removed, but it said he was my 4th cousin! So, out of 10 matches, only one is an actual match. (The one match, 8th cousin, twice removed, takes me back to the early 1600s in Connecticut.)
So, autosomal is the only one that might work.
As to expensive, well, most people can cut back on their smoke or booze and quickly pay for the test, or not eat out so often, etc.What dna test is right for testing paternal grandmothers ancestry?
You might want to read the information on the Sorenson Genealogical Database site. There are 4 types of DNA and generally we hear of only 2. They offer testing for about $50. and are creating a Database. ON their site all 4 types of DNA is explained. The one you are probably wanting to do is Autosomal DNA and it is available through Sorenson
I consider mtDNA and Y-chromosome testing as having more anthropological value than genealogical. The new autosomal "Family Finder" test at Family Tree DNA holds more potential value, as the database builds.
I have not checked into the autosomal tests offered at Sorensen yet. They will all depend on how large the existing databases with which to compare your results to, becomes. In the past Sorensen has not shared the databases they have. If they continue this the test will be of little value. GeneTree is selling Sorensens results in small pieces and with speculative results. GeneTree, rather than testing the haplogroup's defining markers, is 'predicting' them with dubious results.
None can yet give you the names of your kin. They will give you a bunch of numbers and letters and wish you luck.What dna test is right for testing paternal grandmothers ancestry?
In gerneral, a male can be tested for both mtDNA and yDNA. A female can only be tested for mtDNA, and for yDNA results, for the best results, she needs a brother or her father to be tested.
Both the yDNA and mtDNA test work only in straight lines; the mtDNA tests the mother, her mother, her mother...and so on. The yDNA test works for the father, his father, his father, etc.
Neither will work in the zig-zag fashion. E.g., in you case, you father can be tested for the yDNA, but it will not reflect his mother's DNA. It will show his paternal grandfather, but none of the other 3 grandparents.
So, the autosomal DNA will do some good. However, in my own case, it came up with one person who is my 8th cousin, twice removed, but it said he was my 4th cousin! So, out of 10 matches, only one is an actual match. (The one match, 8th cousin, twice removed, takes me back to the early 1600s in Connecticut.)
So, autosomal is the only one that might work.
As to expensive, well, most people can cut back on their smoke or booze and quickly pay for the test, or not eat out so often, etc.What dna test is right for testing paternal grandmothers ancestry?
You might want to read the information on the Sorenson Genealogical Database site. There are 4 types of DNA and generally we hear of only 2. They offer testing for about $50. and are creating a Database. ON their site all 4 types of DNA is explained. The one you are probably wanting to do is Autosomal DNA and it is available through Sorenson
What is the arrangement of DNA in bacteria and viruses?
I know that bacteria does not have a nucleus, and so DNA is dispersed in the cytoplasm. The DNA is arranged in circular plasmids, but the plasmids can also be linear. The DNA is shorter, there are no introns, and so it is more compact compared to the DNA of eukaryotic cells.
As for viruses (which have DNA), DNA is arranged in the capsid. Can be circular or linear. (?...not sure)
Anything else I could add or subtract?
Your help would be appreciated.What is the arrangement of DNA in bacteria and viruses?
For bacteria, it isn't exactly correct to say the DNA is floating about willy-nilly inside the cell. Take a look at http://www.cellsalive.com/cells/bactcell.htm, http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/bacteria/bacteriamm.html, and http://biology.kenyon.edu/courses/biol114/Chap01/chrom_struct.html. Each displays the DNA as rather confined but without a detectable membrane separating it from everything else. While you are at it, see if you can find some similarities to mitochondria.
Some viruses have RNA only (influenza, polio), some have DNA intermediates (retroviruses, yellow fever, rubella, west nile). Also there are non-capsulated viruses (parvovirus, reovirus). Virology is a complex world. See the lecture at
http://www.atsu.edu/faculty/chamberlain/Website/Lects/Propert.htm
As for viruses (which have DNA), DNA is arranged in the capsid. Can be circular or linear. (?...not sure)
Anything else I could add or subtract?
Your help would be appreciated.What is the arrangement of DNA in bacteria and viruses?
For bacteria, it isn't exactly correct to say the DNA is floating about willy-nilly inside the cell. Take a look at http://www.cellsalive.com/cells/bactcell.htm, http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/bacteria/bacteriamm.html, and http://biology.kenyon.edu/courses/biol114/Chap01/chrom_struct.html. Each displays the DNA as rather confined but without a detectable membrane separating it from everything else. While you are at it, see if you can find some similarities to mitochondria.
Some viruses have RNA only (influenza, polio), some have DNA intermediates (retroviruses, yellow fever, rubella, west nile). Also there are non-capsulated viruses (parvovirus, reovirus). Virology is a complex world. See the lecture at
http://www.atsu.edu/faculty/chamberlain/Website/Lects/Propert.htm
What dna test is right for testing paternal grandmothers ancestry?
I am tracking my paternal grandmother's ancestry and have hit a roadblock. I'd like to do dna testing to see, but I'm not sure which test would give me the correct results-admixture? Also, does it matter if it's a female or male descendant who does the test? Since they're expensive tests, I want to make sure we do it correctly! Thanks!What dna test is right for testing paternal grandmothers ancestry?
I consider mtDNA and Y-chromosome testing as having more anthropological value than genealogical. The new autosomal "Family Finder" test at Family Tree DNA holds more potential value, as the database builds.
I have not checked into the autosomal tests offered at Sorensen yet. They will all depend on how large the existing databases with which to compare your results to, becomes. In the past Sorensen has not shared the databases they have. If they continue this the test will be of little value. GeneTree is selling Sorensens results in small pieces and with speculative results. GeneTree, rather than testing the haplogroup's defining markers, is 'predicting' them with dubious results.
None can yet give you the names of your kin. They will give you a bunch of numbers and letters and wish you luck.What dna test is right for testing paternal grandmothers ancestry?
In gerneral, a male can be tested for both mtDNA and yDNA. A female can only be tested for mtDNA, and for yDNA results, for the best results, she needs a brother or her father to be tested.
Both the yDNA and mtDNA test work only in straight lines; the mtDNA tests the mother, her mother, her mother...and so on. The yDNA test works for the father, his father, his father, etc.
Neither will work in the zig-zag fashion. E.g., in you case, you father can be tested for the yDNA, but it will not reflect his mother's DNA. It will show his paternal grandfather, but none of the other 3 grandparents.
So, the autosomal DNA will do some good. However, in my own case, it came up with one person who is my 8th cousin, twice removed, but it said he was my 4th cousin! So, out of 10 matches, only one is an actual match. (The one match, 8th cousin, twice removed, takes me back to the early 1600s in Connecticut.)
So, autosomal is the only one that might work.
As to expensive, well, most people can cut back on their smoke or booze and quickly pay for the test, or not eat out so often, etc.What dna test is right for testing paternal grandmothers ancestry?
You might want to read the information on the Sorenson Genealogical Database site. There are 4 types of DNA and generally we hear of only 2. They offer testing for about $50. and are creating a Database. ON their site all 4 types of DNA is explained. The one you are probably wanting to do is Autosomal DNA and it is available through Sorenson
I consider mtDNA and Y-chromosome testing as having more anthropological value than genealogical. The new autosomal "Family Finder" test at Family Tree DNA holds more potential value, as the database builds.
I have not checked into the autosomal tests offered at Sorensen yet. They will all depend on how large the existing databases with which to compare your results to, becomes. In the past Sorensen has not shared the databases they have. If they continue this the test will be of little value. GeneTree is selling Sorensens results in small pieces and with speculative results. GeneTree, rather than testing the haplogroup's defining markers, is 'predicting' them with dubious results.
None can yet give you the names of your kin. They will give you a bunch of numbers and letters and wish you luck.What dna test is right for testing paternal grandmothers ancestry?
In gerneral, a male can be tested for both mtDNA and yDNA. A female can only be tested for mtDNA, and for yDNA results, for the best results, she needs a brother or her father to be tested.
Both the yDNA and mtDNA test work only in straight lines; the mtDNA tests the mother, her mother, her mother...and so on. The yDNA test works for the father, his father, his father, etc.
Neither will work in the zig-zag fashion. E.g., in you case, you father can be tested for the yDNA, but it will not reflect his mother's DNA. It will show his paternal grandfather, but none of the other 3 grandparents.
So, the autosomal DNA will do some good. However, in my own case, it came up with one person who is my 8th cousin, twice removed, but it said he was my 4th cousin! So, out of 10 matches, only one is an actual match. (The one match, 8th cousin, twice removed, takes me back to the early 1600s in Connecticut.)
So, autosomal is the only one that might work.
As to expensive, well, most people can cut back on their smoke or booze and quickly pay for the test, or not eat out so often, etc.What dna test is right for testing paternal grandmothers ancestry?
You might want to read the information on the Sorenson Genealogical Database site. There are 4 types of DNA and generally we hear of only 2. They offer testing for about $50. and are creating a Database. ON their site all 4 types of DNA is explained. The one you are probably wanting to do is Autosomal DNA and it is available through Sorenson
What is the arrangement of DNA in bacteria and viruses?
I know that bacteria does not have a nucleus, and so DNA is dispersed in the cytoplasm. The DNA is arranged in circular plasmids, but the plasmids can also be linear. The DNA is shorter, there are no introns, and so it is more compact compared to the DNA of eukaryotic cells.
As for viruses (which have DNA), DNA is arranged in the capsid. Can be circular or linear. (?...not sure)
Anything else I could add or subtract?
Your help would be appreciated.What is the arrangement of DNA in bacteria and viruses?
For bacteria, it isn't exactly correct to say the DNA is floating about willy-nilly inside the cell. Take a look at http://www.cellsalive.com/cells/bactcell.htm, http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/bacteria/bacteriamm.html, and http://biology.kenyon.edu/courses/biol114/Chap01/chrom_struct.html. Each displays the DNA as rather confined but without a detectable membrane separating it from everything else. While you are at it, see if you can find some similarities to mitochondria.
Some viruses have RNA only (influenza, polio), some have DNA intermediates (retroviruses, yellow fever, rubella, west nile). Also there are non-capsulated viruses (parvovirus, reovirus). Virology is a complex world. See the lecture at
http://www.atsu.edu/faculty/chamberlain/Website/Lects/Propert.htm
As for viruses (which have DNA), DNA is arranged in the capsid. Can be circular or linear. (?...not sure)
Anything else I could add or subtract?
Your help would be appreciated.What is the arrangement of DNA in bacteria and viruses?
For bacteria, it isn't exactly correct to say the DNA is floating about willy-nilly inside the cell. Take a look at http://www.cellsalive.com/cells/bactcell.htm, http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/bacteria/bacteriamm.html, and http://biology.kenyon.edu/courses/biol114/Chap01/chrom_struct.html. Each displays the DNA as rather confined but without a detectable membrane separating it from everything else. While you are at it, see if you can find some similarities to mitochondria.
Some viruses have RNA only (influenza, polio), some have DNA intermediates (retroviruses, yellow fever, rubella, west nile). Also there are non-capsulated viruses (parvovirus, reovirus). Virology is a complex world. See the lecture at
http://www.atsu.edu/faculty/chamberlain/Website/Lects/Propert.htm
What is the difference between Chromosomes and DNA?
Hey. I am taking biology, and I am confused about something.
Can someone please explain to me the difference between Chromosomes and DNA?What is the difference between Chromosomes and DNA?
DNA is what is found inside the chromosomes. Without chromosomes, there would be no such thing as DNA.What is the difference between Chromosomes and DNA?
DNA is a part of chromosomes. DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is a type of molecule that can be strung into the double helix, like beads on a string. The sequence of the four different types of DNA (A, T, C and G) is what contains the information.
Chromosomes are big, bundled up DNA, along with various proteins to wind it up and keep it intact. Each chromosome has one incredibly long piece of DNA, and is physically seperate from the other chromosomes.What is the difference between Chromosomes and DNA?
Chromosome is a thread like structure in the nucleus of the cell.
DNA are constituent units of chromosomesvirtual villagers 5 benihanas
Can someone please explain to me the difference between Chromosomes and DNA?What is the difference between Chromosomes and DNA?
DNA is what is found inside the chromosomes. Without chromosomes, there would be no such thing as DNA.What is the difference between Chromosomes and DNA?
DNA is a part of chromosomes. DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is a type of molecule that can be strung into the double helix, like beads on a string. The sequence of the four different types of DNA (A, T, C and G) is what contains the information.
Chromosomes are big, bundled up DNA, along with various proteins to wind it up and keep it intact. Each chromosome has one incredibly long piece of DNA, and is physically seperate from the other chromosomes.What is the difference between Chromosomes and DNA?
Chromosome is a thread like structure in the nucleus of the cell.
DNA are constituent units of chromosomes
Saturday, February 25, 2012
What is the true DNA situation in England and are the public misled?
So far I have read that when a person charged for an offense, even if found not guilty and cleared, his DNA and fingerprints were only kept if it was a serious or violent crime. Then I read that only if it is an imprisonable offense. Recently I read its only kept if its an 'arrestable' offense, which could be anything! Is the truth that it doesnt matter, as long as your fingerprints/DNA is taken, even if you are found not guilty they will be kept. So why wasnt this mentioned from the beginning?What is the true DNA situation in England and are the public misled?
Before 2001, the police could take DNA samples during investigations but had to destroy the samples and the records derived from them on the Database if the people concerned were acquitted or charges were not proceeded with.
The law was changed in 2001 to remove this requirement, and changed again in 2004 so that DNA samples could be taken from anyone arrested for a recordable offence and detained in a police station.
http://www.homeoffice.gov.uk/science-res鈥?/a>
Before 2001, the police could take DNA samples during investigations but had to destroy the samples and the records derived from them on the Database if the people concerned were acquitted or charges were not proceeded with.
The law was changed in 2001 to remove this requirement, and changed again in 2004 so that DNA samples could be taken from anyone arrested for a recordable offence and detained in a police station.
http://www.homeoffice.gov.uk/science-res鈥?/a>
Why is it easier to inspect DNA to see what is transcribed in Bacterial cells than Eukaryotic cells?
Why is it easier to inspect DNA to see what is transcribed in Bacterial cells than Eukaryotic cells?
May someone explain this to me in a easy to understand explanation. Thanks in advance!Why is it easier to inspect DNA to see what is transcribed in Bacterial cells than Eukaryotic cells?
DNA in eukaryotic cells have segments of dna that do not code for any protein (not transcribed) known as introns. Because of them, we cant see exactly what is and is not transcribed. In Prokaryotic-including bacteria-there are no introns.
Yes, easy to understand
May someone explain this to me in a easy to understand explanation. Thanks in advance!Why is it easier to inspect DNA to see what is transcribed in Bacterial cells than Eukaryotic cells?
DNA in eukaryotic cells have segments of dna that do not code for any protein (not transcribed) known as introns. Because of them, we cant see exactly what is and is not transcribed. In Prokaryotic-including bacteria-there are no introns.
Yes, easy to understand
What happens to the host DNA after a retrovirus invades a cell?
You know how retroviruses have this enzyme called reverse transcriptase which takes viral RNA and makes it viral DNA? So what if there is viral DNA, what happened to the host DNA?What happens to the host DNA after a retrovirus invades a cell?
The host DNA is still there, just as it always is.
After the viral RNA has been reverse-transcribed into DNA, another viral enzyme known as integrase carries the viral DNA into the cell's nucleus and inserts it into the host genome. This insertion occurs randomly at any point in the genome.
As a result, the host's DNA now includes the viral genes, and the cell's normal transcription and translation mechanisms can express those genes to build new virions. These "bud" from the original cell and are then able to infect other cells.What happens to the host DNA after a retrovirus invades a cell?
It will still act in the same manner as the reverse transcribed RNA. The viral DNA will act as a transposon, which will be inserted into the host's DNA.
The process is the same, but with viral DNA, you do not have the reverse transcriptase stage.
good luck.
The host DNA is still there, just as it always is.
After the viral RNA has been reverse-transcribed into DNA, another viral enzyme known as integrase carries the viral DNA into the cell's nucleus and inserts it into the host genome. This insertion occurs randomly at any point in the genome.
As a result, the host's DNA now includes the viral genes, and the cell's normal transcription and translation mechanisms can express those genes to build new virions. These "bud" from the original cell and are then able to infect other cells.What happens to the host DNA after a retrovirus invades a cell?
It will still act in the same manner as the reverse transcribed RNA. The viral DNA will act as a transposon, which will be inserted into the host's DNA.
The process is the same, but with viral DNA, you do not have the reverse transcriptase stage.
good luck.
What is the difference between DNA and chromosomes?
I know that in Eukaryotes, a chromosome is a structure composed of DNA and protein that contains part of the genetic information of the cell. What I don't understand is the following: If DNA is one long molecule that contains all our genetic information, how come chromosomes are many? How come chromosomes contain part of the genetic information? When the cell prepares to divide let's say by mitosis, does the long DNA molecule separate into pieces which then become chromosomes? I know it might seem crazy, but I really do not understand the difference...Any kind of help is appreciated.What is the difference between DNA and chromosomes?
Before any division, the chromosomes are located in the nucleus along with the DNA and proteins as you said. The reason for DNA being part of the chromosomes is that it allows genetic variation in meiosis. Mitosis on the other hand is the division of a diploid cell resulting in two diploid cells carrying the exact same genetic material as the parent cell, therefore it does not matter that it was on the chromosomes. Howver in meiosis, crossing over can occur in Meiosis I, This is important because when the homologous chromosomes line up and are split during Meiosis I it allows different genes from the mother cell (the egg) and the father cell (spem) for example such as in humans. Than when it splits again in Meiosis II it results in four haploid cells carrying only half of the genetic material necessary for a somatic cell (which in humans is 46 chromosomes, and our sex cells produced through Meiosis is 23 chromosomes). Essentially the chromosomes carry the DNA pieces and proteins in order to allow for division whether in Meiosis or Mitosis. I hope this helped!
Before any division, the chromosomes are located in the nucleus along with the DNA and proteins as you said. The reason for DNA being part of the chromosomes is that it allows genetic variation in meiosis. Mitosis on the other hand is the division of a diploid cell resulting in two diploid cells carrying the exact same genetic material as the parent cell, therefore it does not matter that it was on the chromosomes. Howver in meiosis, crossing over can occur in Meiosis I, This is important because when the homologous chromosomes line up and are split during Meiosis I it allows different genes from the mother cell (the egg) and the father cell (spem) for example such as in humans. Than when it splits again in Meiosis II it results in four haploid cells carrying only half of the genetic material necessary for a somatic cell (which in humans is 46 chromosomes, and our sex cells produced through Meiosis is 23 chromosomes). Essentially the chromosomes carry the DNA pieces and proteins in order to allow for division whether in Meiosis or Mitosis. I hope this helped!
What is a difference between a gene and allele and dna and chromosomes?
So far i know that dna is stored in chromosomes, but do all 23 pairs of chromosomes carry different dna or do all chromosomes together form one dna. And is a gene a specific portion of dna?(like a slice of dna). and where does allele seem to be on the dna? can anyone give me some insight into it?What is a difference between a gene and allele and dna and chromosomes?
Each pair of chromosome carries a different set of DNA. A gene is, you could say, a specific portion of DNA--it's a set of alleles, or base pairs, that codes for a specific piece of information (i.e., eye color). Each chromosome has lots of alleles: an allele is one base pair (or nucleotide base, like an A or a C) on a strand of DNA. Here's the way I think of it, like a flow chart: alleles-%26gt;genes-%26gt;DNA-%26gt;chromosomes. Alleles make up genes, which make up DNA, which makes up chromosomes. Hope that helps!What is a difference between a gene and allele and dna and chromosomes?
allele - one of two more forms a gene at a given locus can take
gene - a unit of hereditary information, carrying the information for the production of a polypeptide
dna - the material of which genes are madetangled dvd augsburg college
Each pair of chromosome carries a different set of DNA. A gene is, you could say, a specific portion of DNA--it's a set of alleles, or base pairs, that codes for a specific piece of information (i.e., eye color). Each chromosome has lots of alleles: an allele is one base pair (or nucleotide base, like an A or a C) on a strand of DNA. Here's the way I think of it, like a flow chart: alleles-%26gt;genes-%26gt;DNA-%26gt;chromosomes. Alleles make up genes, which make up DNA, which makes up chromosomes. Hope that helps!What is a difference between a gene and allele and dna and chromosomes?
allele - one of two more forms a gene at a given locus can take
gene - a unit of hereditary information, carrying the information for the production of a polypeptide
dna - the material of which genes are made
What are the other components of the DNA molecule besides nitrogenous bases?
DNA replication is said to be is semi-conservative, meaning that one parent strand is always passed on to the daughter helix of DNA. Why is this an important and safe way to replicate?
How many guanines are in a DNA molecule 1000 base pairs long if 20% of the molecules consist of adenines? Show your math and include a verbal explanation of your reasoning.
What are the other components of the DNA molecule besides nitrogenous bases?What are the other components of the DNA molecule besides nitrogenous bases?
%26gt; Why is this an important and safe way to replicate?
It just works that way. You can imagine other ways in which DNA could be replicated that would work just as well. *shrug* It provides for a certain amount of error detection/correction; a mismatch can be nicked, then a new strand synthesized.
%26gt; base pairs long if 20% of the molecules consist of adenines?
Number of bases = 2000
Adenine = 20%
T = 20%
G+C = 100% - 20% - 20% = 60%
G = 30% = 0.30 * 2000 = 600 bases
%26gt; What are the other components of the DNA molecule besides nitrogenous bases?
Deoxyribose sugar group
Phosphate groupWhat are the other components of the DNA molecule besides nitrogenous bases?
check out this research group they have a message board you can use......http://boinc.bakerlab.org/rosetta/
How many guanines are in a DNA molecule 1000 base pairs long if 20% of the molecules consist of adenines? Show your math and include a verbal explanation of your reasoning.
What are the other components of the DNA molecule besides nitrogenous bases?What are the other components of the DNA molecule besides nitrogenous bases?
%26gt; Why is this an important and safe way to replicate?
It just works that way. You can imagine other ways in which DNA could be replicated that would work just as well. *shrug* It provides for a certain amount of error detection/correction; a mismatch can be nicked, then a new strand synthesized.
%26gt; base pairs long if 20% of the molecules consist of adenines?
Number of bases = 2000
Adenine = 20%
T = 20%
G+C = 100% - 20% - 20% = 60%
G = 30% = 0.30 * 2000 = 600 bases
%26gt; What are the other components of the DNA molecule besides nitrogenous bases?
Deoxyribose sugar group
Phosphate groupWhat are the other components of the DNA molecule besides nitrogenous bases?
check out this research group they have a message board you can use......http://boinc.bakerlab.org/rosetta/
What is the most accredited ancestral dna testing company to use?
I want to do ancestral dna testing to prove what i found doing my family history. What is the best company to go through, cause I know there are some phonies out there. Any ideas?What is the most accredited ancestral dna testing company to use?
The best? No idea. For what you're looking for, I'd probably go with familytreedna.com Interpret the results with caution, though.
Edit: Actually, more interesting might be participation in the Genographic Project. However, note that they only do mtDNA (HV1 only) or 12 Y-STRs. https://genographic.nationalgeographic.c鈥?/a>
The best? No idea. For what you're looking for, I'd probably go with familytreedna.com Interpret the results with caution, though.
Edit: Actually, more interesting might be participation in the Genographic Project. However, note that they only do mtDNA (HV1 only) or 12 Y-STRs. https://genographic.nationalgeographic.c鈥?/a>
What is one of the roles of DNA polymerase during replication?
A. It unzips molecules of DNA.
B. It “proofreads” each new DNA strand.
C. It degenerates the old DNA strand.
D. It uses one strand of DNA to build a strand of RNA.What is one of the roles of DNA polymerase during replication?
B. DNA Polymerase proofreads as it goes. There are a few more that come along behind and do it again.
A- wrong because Helicase unzips the 2 strands
C- You don't degenerate in replication
D- RNA polymerase makes RNA, not DNA polymeraseWhat is one of the roles of DNA polymerase during replication?
One of the roles of DNA polymerase is B: it proofreads each new DNA strand.What is one of the roles of DNA polymerase during replication?
You know you'll get a faster reply to your question by opening wikipedia and reading about DNA polymerase yourself.
D
B. It “proofreads” each new DNA strand.
C. It degenerates the old DNA strand.
D. It uses one strand of DNA to build a strand of RNA.What is one of the roles of DNA polymerase during replication?
B. DNA Polymerase proofreads as it goes. There are a few more that come along behind and do it again.
A- wrong because Helicase unzips the 2 strands
C- You don't degenerate in replication
D- RNA polymerase makes RNA, not DNA polymeraseWhat is one of the roles of DNA polymerase during replication?
One of the roles of DNA polymerase is B: it proofreads each new DNA strand.What is one of the roles of DNA polymerase during replication?
You know you'll get a faster reply to your question by opening wikipedia and reading about DNA polymerase yourself.
D
How does the DNA and Proteins work together to make the origin of life of man?
What is DNA, and how it works in a body?
What is proteins in relation to DNA?How does the DNA and Proteins work together to make the origin of life of man?
very carefully
What is proteins in relation to DNA?How does the DNA and Proteins work together to make the origin of life of man?
very carefully
What is the percentage of difference between down syndrome dna and normal dna?
I'm aware there is an extra #21 chromosome. But what % difference does that amount to compared to the average person? As in "it is 1.2% different from your average person's dna".What is the percentage of difference between down syndrome dna and normal dna?
Im not sure on the exact figure, as it is number 21 and the chromosomes are ranked in order of size, it is a smaller chromosome. As we have 46 chromosomes, and extra would make up about 1-2% extra. Sorry i don't know the specifics. It may even vary a tiny bit between individuals, as mutations can occur a variety of ways.unique baby girl names hurricane harbor
Im not sure on the exact figure, as it is number 21 and the chromosomes are ranked in order of size, it is a smaller chromosome. As we have 46 chromosomes, and extra would make up about 1-2% extra. Sorry i don't know the specifics. It may even vary a tiny bit between individuals, as mutations can occur a variety of ways.
Can one use morphology and DNA sequences to identify a specie?
What else can one use to identify a specie? Fossil records? Is DNA sequences the best way to identify a specie?Can one use morphology and DNA sequences to identify a specie?
Using molecular homology (such as comparing DNA sequences) is a more effective way of identifying a species as distinct. Using morphological homologies can pose a problem, because two different species can be so morphologically similar that they may appear to be the same species. By comparing nucleotide sequences, one can obtain more accurate results, because such a mechanism makes it easier to distinguish one species from another. When evaluating molecular homologies, species who are very distantly related are likely to differ in nitrogenous bases at many sites. Distantly related species may also differ with respect to the length of their nucleic acids.
Using molecular homology (such as comparing DNA sequences) is a more effective way of identifying a species as distinct. Using morphological homologies can pose a problem, because two different species can be so morphologically similar that they may appear to be the same species. By comparing nucleotide sequences, one can obtain more accurate results, because such a mechanism makes it easier to distinguish one species from another. When evaluating molecular homologies, species who are very distantly related are likely to differ in nitrogenous bases at many sites. Distantly related species may also differ with respect to the length of their nucleic acids.
What is the difference between plant and animal DNA and why are there these differences?
I'm doing a science project comparing human and plant DNA. The only difference I could see was the plant DNA was denser. But why? Please also give a sight that supports your answer.What is the difference between plant and animal DNA and why are there these differences?
Chemically %26amp; physically the structure of DNA is the same but in the encoding sequences there is a difference in the actual information. Genes from plants can be expressed in bacteria as well as those from animals but the specific proteins differ.
There are differences in the size of the genomes as plants tend to have larger genomes and are often polyploid. Ploidy refers to the basic number of unique chromosomes in the genome and the basic monoploid numer is designated x. The haploid n refers to the number of chromosomes in a gamete.
Humans monoploid x = haploid n = 23 but in banana species x =11. The edible Musa acuminata can be 2n=33 or 2n=44. Polyploidy is especially common in angiosperms with from 30% to 70% of today's angiosperms being polyploid. This makes polyploidy a major factor in plant evolutionary changes.
http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultrane鈥?/a>
http://www.amjbot.org/cgi/content/abstra鈥?/a>
Genomic sizes
Drosophila 13,379
Human 23,000 in 3.50pg (3x 10^9 bp)
Dog 19,300
Arabidopsis has smallest known plant genome 25,498 genes.
Rice 37,544
Maize 59,000
Pinus ranged from 42.5 pg to 54.9 pg (41.7-53.8 x 10^9bp
Plants are much more likely to hybridize two species and produce viable, fertile seeds, unlike animals. According to Loren Rieseberg, a botanist at the University of British Columbia in Vancouver, Canada, around 14 per cent of living plant species are the product of two separate lineages hybridizing. http://www.physorg.com/news12034.html
Genome size in some plants is between 10 -100 times what the human genome is. Sex determining chromosomes are the same size in plants.
http://www.amjbot.org/cgi/content/full/9鈥?/a>
Regulatory modifications that control gene expression can be different between plant %26amp; animals.
http://www.plantphysiol.org/cgi/content/鈥?/a>
Chemically %26amp; physically the structure of DNA is the same but in the encoding sequences there is a difference in the actual information. Genes from plants can be expressed in bacteria as well as those from animals but the specific proteins differ.
There are differences in the size of the genomes as plants tend to have larger genomes and are often polyploid. Ploidy refers to the basic number of unique chromosomes in the genome and the basic monoploid numer is designated x. The haploid n refers to the number of chromosomes in a gamete.
Humans monoploid x = haploid n = 23 but in banana species x =11. The edible Musa acuminata can be 2n=33 or 2n=44. Polyploidy is especially common in angiosperms with from 30% to 70% of today's angiosperms being polyploid. This makes polyploidy a major factor in plant evolutionary changes.
http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultrane鈥?/a>
http://www.amjbot.org/cgi/content/abstra鈥?/a>
Genomic sizes
Drosophila 13,379
Human 23,000 in 3.50pg (3x 10^9 bp)
Dog 19,300
Arabidopsis has smallest known plant genome 25,498 genes.
Rice 37,544
Maize 59,000
Pinus ranged from 42.5 pg to 54.9 pg (41.7-53.8 x 10^9bp
Plants are much more likely to hybridize two species and produce viable, fertile seeds, unlike animals. According to Loren Rieseberg, a botanist at the University of British Columbia in Vancouver, Canada, around 14 per cent of living plant species are the product of two separate lineages hybridizing. http://www.physorg.com/news12034.html
Genome size in some plants is between 10 -100 times what the human genome is. Sex determining chromosomes are the same size in plants.
http://www.amjbot.org/cgi/content/full/9鈥?/a>
Regulatory modifications that control gene expression can be different between plant %26amp; animals.
http://www.plantphysiol.org/cgi/content/鈥?/a>
What would be the disadvantage of having two DNA strands held by covalent bonds between the nucleotides?
DNA is held together as a duplex by hydrogen bonds. This would appear to be a fragile state of affairs for such an important molecule.
A. Why is this not the case?
B. What would be the disadvantage of having two DNA strands held together by covalent bonds between the complementary nucleotides?What would be the disadvantage of having two DNA strands held by covalent bonds between the nucleotides?
There are a great many hydrogen bonds holding the structure together, which is in fact very strong. If you doubt the strength of hydrogen bonds, find a load of sawdust, mix it to a paste with water, then freeze it, and try to break it with a hammer. Hydrogen bonds are pretty strong!
If they were covalently bonded replication would be very difficult and require very large amounts of energy.What would be the disadvantage of having two DNA strands held by covalent bonds between the nucleotides?
The first answer got it perfect.
Not only would replication require a huge amount of energy in order to unzip the duplex, but so would transcription. The transcriptional machinery must unwind the DNA to read the sense strand.
A. Why is this not the case?
B. What would be the disadvantage of having two DNA strands held together by covalent bonds between the complementary nucleotides?What would be the disadvantage of having two DNA strands held by covalent bonds between the nucleotides?
There are a great many hydrogen bonds holding the structure together, which is in fact very strong. If you doubt the strength of hydrogen bonds, find a load of sawdust, mix it to a paste with water, then freeze it, and try to break it with a hammer. Hydrogen bonds are pretty strong!
If they were covalently bonded replication would be very difficult and require very large amounts of energy.What would be the disadvantage of having two DNA strands held by covalent bonds between the nucleotides?
The first answer got it perfect.
Not only would replication require a huge amount of energy in order to unzip the duplex, but so would transcription. The transcriptional machinery must unwind the DNA to read the sense strand.
How do regulatory sequences in DNA allow the specific expression of lest say a protein in the mammary glands?
Lets say i was to create a transgenic animal, an animal which would secrete this protein in its milk. I would need to identify the promoter sequence that would allow the expression of this protein in the mammary glands. So, question is how would regulatory sequences work on the level of DNA to permit the specif expression? What technique could i use to isolate the regulatory sequence of the gene expresses specifically in the milk?How do regulatory sequences in DNA allow the specific expression of lest say a protein in the mammary glands?
Use a protein expression experiment or a protein database to find a short list of proteins that are highly expressed in mammary tissues compared to other tissues. Use the DAVID database (http://david.abcc.ncifcrf.gov/) to query these proteins and find which promoter(s) expresses the genes for these proteins. If the species of animal you are working with does not have it's genome mapped you will have a hard time finding this information.
Use a protein expression experiment or a protein database to find a short list of proteins that are highly expressed in mammary tissues compared to other tissues. Use the DAVID database (http://david.abcc.ncifcrf.gov/) to query these proteins and find which promoter(s) expresses the genes for these proteins. If the species of animal you are working with does not have it's genome mapped you will have a hard time finding this information.
What is the role of enzymes in the DNA replication process?
A. Enzymes read the DNA code and build a new DNA molecule from scratch.
B. Enzymes link together to form a template for a new DNA molecule to be built.
C. Enzymes split the DNA molecule into two rails and then transport corresponding nitrogen bases to each rail.
D. Enzymes link adjacent nucleosides together, becoming an integral part of the structure of the new strands of DNA.What is the role of enzymes in the DNA replication process?
C i think, I thought it could be A but the last words say from scratch but enzymes like dna polymerase require primers to start the base sequence so further bases can be read so it cant be Ayamaha atv battlefield mods
B. Enzymes link together to form a template for a new DNA molecule to be built.
C. Enzymes split the DNA molecule into two rails and then transport corresponding nitrogen bases to each rail.
D. Enzymes link adjacent nucleosides together, becoming an integral part of the structure of the new strands of DNA.What is the role of enzymes in the DNA replication process?
C i think, I thought it could be A but the last words say from scratch but enzymes like dna polymerase require primers to start the base sequence so further bases can be read so it cant be A
How do you use restriction enzyme to cut DNA into different fragments?
I have the restriction enzyme and the DNA sample. What is the procedure in using the restriction enzyme to cut the DNA sample into different fragments? What materials/equipments do I need to use? Please be specific and not in too many technical terms. Thanks!How do you use restriction enzyme to cut DNA into different fragments?
To use restriction enzymes (RE):
1. You will have to know certain information about the RE that you are using--what are the optimal conditions under which the RE functions (particularly buffer pH, salt concentration, other ions necessary for enzyme activity, temperature).
2. To run the cleavage reaction, you will need sterile (DNase-free) buffer concentrate and distilled water; small test-tubes in which to run the reaction; a water bath to control the reaction temperature; pipettes for accurately measuring liquid volumes.
3. Not knowing whether you are cutting the DNA for separation of the fragments or cloning, I'll suggest from equipment for both:
Separation of fragments:
a. Separation medium (eg, agarose gel)
b. Marker dye(s) to follow migration of the sample
c. Power pack to supply electric current to effect separation of DNA fragments
d. Means of visualizing the DNA fragments in the gel--eg, dyes that react with the DNA
Cloning:
a. Plasmid in which you place the DNA fragment by ligation.
b. Enzymes that allow you to ligate (covalently join) a DNA fragment into the plasmid DNA; all the buffers, etc for the ligation reaction
c. A culture of a specific microbe (bacteria or yeast) into which you will transform (insert into cell) the recombinant (plasmid with ligated fragment) plamid.
d. Appropriate transformation solutions and growth media to allow the transformation to take place.
e. Selective solid growth media (agar plates with growth nutrients and an inhibitor that prevents NONtransformed cells from growing.How do you use restriction enzyme to cut DNA into different fragments?
They're not that complicated - a restriction enzyme is just a "DNA snipper". Most restriction enzymes will cut the DNA strand at a particular place at or near where there is a particular base sequence. The base sequence is generally palindromic (reads the same on the antisense strand as it does on the sense strand), and the enzyme will cut in the same place on each strand. There are a number of interesting details about how they work and what the results are, but that isn't what you're asking.
The recipe for a restriction digest is pretty simple. You need the DNA you're going to cut, the enzyme you're going to use, the particular buffer the enzyme prefers to work best in (a mixture of chemicals the particular enzyme needs, like Magnesium chloride and maybe ATP and perhaps other ingredients), a reaction tube for the components to be mixed in, and a source of heat to put some energy into the system.
Different enzymes prefer different temperatures to work best, but many of the most commonly used ones work best at a temperature of 37 degrees C. If you want to do a digest, you would mix the components in the tube, and then put the tube into a heating block or water bath at the desired temperature and let it sit for some time (a few hours to overnight, for instance). That's it! After that, everywhere there is a recognition site in the DNA, the enzyme should have snipped the DNA, like scissors cut a ribbon.
To use restriction enzymes (RE):
1. You will have to know certain information about the RE that you are using--what are the optimal conditions under which the RE functions (particularly buffer pH, salt concentration, other ions necessary for enzyme activity, temperature).
2. To run the cleavage reaction, you will need sterile (DNase-free) buffer concentrate and distilled water; small test-tubes in which to run the reaction; a water bath to control the reaction temperature; pipettes for accurately measuring liquid volumes.
3. Not knowing whether you are cutting the DNA for separation of the fragments or cloning, I'll suggest from equipment for both:
Separation of fragments:
a. Separation medium (eg, agarose gel)
b. Marker dye(s) to follow migration of the sample
c. Power pack to supply electric current to effect separation of DNA fragments
d. Means of visualizing the DNA fragments in the gel--eg, dyes that react with the DNA
Cloning:
a. Plasmid in which you place the DNA fragment by ligation.
b. Enzymes that allow you to ligate (covalently join) a DNA fragment into the plasmid DNA; all the buffers, etc for the ligation reaction
c. A culture of a specific microbe (bacteria or yeast) into which you will transform (insert into cell) the recombinant (plasmid with ligated fragment) plamid.
d. Appropriate transformation solutions and growth media to allow the transformation to take place.
e. Selective solid growth media (agar plates with growth nutrients and an inhibitor that prevents NONtransformed cells from growing.How do you use restriction enzyme to cut DNA into different fragments?
They're not that complicated - a restriction enzyme is just a "DNA snipper". Most restriction enzymes will cut the DNA strand at a particular place at or near where there is a particular base sequence. The base sequence is generally palindromic (reads the same on the antisense strand as it does on the sense strand), and the enzyme will cut in the same place on each strand. There are a number of interesting details about how they work and what the results are, but that isn't what you're asking.
The recipe for a restriction digest is pretty simple. You need the DNA you're going to cut, the enzyme you're going to use, the particular buffer the enzyme prefers to work best in (a mixture of chemicals the particular enzyme needs, like Magnesium chloride and maybe ATP and perhaps other ingredients), a reaction tube for the components to be mixed in, and a source of heat to put some energy into the system.
Different enzymes prefer different temperatures to work best, but many of the most commonly used ones work best at a temperature of 37 degrees C. If you want to do a digest, you would mix the components in the tube, and then put the tube into a heating block or water bath at the desired temperature and let it sit for some time (a few hours to overnight, for instance). That's it! After that, everywhere there is a recognition site in the DNA, the enzyme should have snipped the DNA, like scissors cut a ribbon.
What are some smart and creative ways to building a DNA model without using any type of food?
My physics teacher is requiring my class and I to build a DNA model that can stand upright by itself. He will try to prove that it is strong enough to stand on its own. Such as, by trying to knock it down with the force of wind, and gently shaking the table the DNA model will stand on. Basically, my DNA model must be made of strong and sturdy materials in order for it to cover the expected requirements.
You're help is very much appreciated! Thank you so much!What are some smart and creative ways to building a DNA model without using any type of food?
You could try using tooth picks(they sell a variety of colors) and maybe pop sickle sticks(found at craft stores). Regardless of the material, you could buy some velcro(at Target or Wal-Mart), cut it to the desired size, and use it to create your hydrogen bonds.What are some smart and creative ways to building a DNA model without using any type of food?
i was gonna say toothpicks as well, you could possible thread beads onto them as the bases and use thread to represent the bonds??
You're help is very much appreciated! Thank you so much!What are some smart and creative ways to building a DNA model without using any type of food?
You could try using tooth picks(they sell a variety of colors) and maybe pop sickle sticks(found at craft stores). Regardless of the material, you could buy some velcro(at Target or Wal-Mart), cut it to the desired size, and use it to create your hydrogen bonds.What are some smart and creative ways to building a DNA model without using any type of food?
i was gonna say toothpicks as well, you could possible thread beads onto them as the bases and use thread to represent the bonds??
What does splitting dna tell a researcher, why is it important? What is the purpose of isolating a sequence?
I just wanted to know, because i have done gel electrophoresis, but i don't understand what the results are telling me, why do i need to separate dna?What does splitting dna tell a researcher, why is it important? What is the purpose of isolating a sequence?
In what context are you performing your work? What kind of class are you taking, or what kind of laboratory work was this?
In general, gel electrophoresis is performed to determine either a) whether products are present at all, or b) the size of the products. The gel electrophoresis may be run with a size ladder, and by comparing the bands seen in the gel to the size ladder you can determine the size of your product.
Gel electrophoresis may be performed to physically separate different products from one another, so that one of the products can be extracted from the gel (physically cut out of the gel) as a method of purification from the other, non-desirable products.What does splitting dna tell a researcher, why is it important? What is the purpose of isolating a sequence?
check out this research group someone on the message board might know http://boinc.bakerlab.org/rosetta/
In what context are you performing your work? What kind of class are you taking, or what kind of laboratory work was this?
In general, gel electrophoresis is performed to determine either a) whether products are present at all, or b) the size of the products. The gel electrophoresis may be run with a size ladder, and by comparing the bands seen in the gel to the size ladder you can determine the size of your product.
Gel electrophoresis may be performed to physically separate different products from one another, so that one of the products can be extracted from the gel (physically cut out of the gel) as a method of purification from the other, non-desirable products.What does splitting dna tell a researcher, why is it important? What is the purpose of isolating a sequence?
check out this research group someone on the message board might know http://boinc.bakerlab.org/rosetta/
How is a DNA microarray different that gel electrophoresis?
I know that they are both used to kind of sort DNA and whatnot, but what's different?How is a DNA microarray different that gel electrophoresis?
Microarrays are used to measure gene expression but Gels are used to seperate DNA fragments.How is a DNA microarray different that gel electrophoresis?
A DNA microarray (also commonly known as gene or genome chip, DNA chip, or gene array) is a collection of microscopic DNA spots, commonly representing single genes, arrayed on a solid surface by covalent attachment to a chemical matrix. DNA arrays are different from other types of microarray only in that they either measure DNA or use DNA as part of its detection system. Qualitative or quantitative measurements with DNA microarrays utilize the selective nature of DNA-DNA or DNA-RNA hybridization under high-stringency conditions and fluorophore-based detection. DNA arrays are commonly used for expression profiling, i.e., monitoring expression levels of thousands of genes simultaneously, or for comparative genomic hybridization.
Microarrays are used to measure gene expression but Gels are used to seperate DNA fragments.How is a DNA microarray different that gel electrophoresis?
A DNA microarray (also commonly known as gene or genome chip, DNA chip, or gene array) is a collection of microscopic DNA spots, commonly representing single genes, arrayed on a solid surface by covalent attachment to a chemical matrix. DNA arrays are different from other types of microarray only in that they either measure DNA or use DNA as part of its detection system. Qualitative or quantitative measurements with DNA microarrays utilize the selective nature of DNA-DNA or DNA-RNA hybridization under high-stringency conditions and fluorophore-based detection. DNA arrays are commonly used for expression profiling, i.e., monitoring expression levels of thousands of genes simultaneously, or for comparative genomic hybridization.
What happens to the DNA in the blood of a person when they donate blood to a recipient?
There is so much about DNA that we don't yet know. When foreign DNA enters our bodies through a blood transfusion, does that DNA combine with our own and continue to replicate? Does it degrade? Or does it continue to circulate with our own blood. Can donor blood DNA be found and identified at a crime scene and incriminate an innocent donor?What happens to the DNA in the blood of a person when they donate blood to a recipient?
Just as an interesting aside to the other answers; if you have a bone marrow transplant, your (white) blood cells do not carry your DNA anymore but the DNA of the donor, and your immature red cells (before they lose their nuclei) are also the donor's DNA--soooo in this case, blood at a crime scene would be screwy.
There are no cells in healthy blood which are able to replicate. The red blood cells are produced in the bone marrow, have no DNA, and die after about 120 days. White blood cells have DNA, and live from hours to years, depending on the type. But ... cells don't exchange or merge DNA, except in for sperm and egg cells in sexual reproduction.
Once the cell dies, its material disassociates, and is mostly flushed away in the urine.What happens to the DNA in the blood of a person when they donate blood to a recipient?
Blood does not contain DNA, only components such as RBC's, platelets, plasma, etc. When a person donates blood, none of their DNA is transmitted into the recipient. What is transferred that makes a HUGE difference is the portion that determines the blood type (eg - A+, AB-, O-, etc).
If someone else were to receive another person's DNA, then the host's body would see the strand as a foreign object (like bacteria) and immediately seek to destroy it as quickly as possible. This autoimmunity defense is what keeps our bodies as a separate, non-interchangeable unit with the rest of the population. Now there are some cases where twins may have similar DNA strands to a very high percentage, but there will always be some degree of indifference.
Hope this helps.
red blood cells and platelets have no DNA because they have no nucleus. red blood cells loose their nuclei when they leave the bone marrow and platelets are just cell fragments. white blood cells do have dna because they still have nuclei. this dna keeps the wbc functioning as a wbc. it has no affect on the donee. it doesnt degrade because it is needed to keep the cells going. i suppose transfused dna might show up in a person with a fresh transfusion. the dna doesnt mingle with the donee's dna. they are both contained in their own nuclei. donor dna does not continue to replicate. white blood cells are produced in the bone marrow. they do not go through mitosis.What happens to the DNA in the blood of a person when they donate blood to a recipient?
Red blood cells do not contain DNA, because they do not contain a nucleus.california age dragon
Just as an interesting aside to the other answers; if you have a bone marrow transplant, your (white) blood cells do not carry your DNA anymore but the DNA of the donor, and your immature red cells (before they lose their nuclei) are also the donor's DNA--soooo in this case, blood at a crime scene would be screwy.
There are no cells in healthy blood which are able to replicate. The red blood cells are produced in the bone marrow, have no DNA, and die after about 120 days. White blood cells have DNA, and live from hours to years, depending on the type. But ... cells don't exchange or merge DNA, except in for sperm and egg cells in sexual reproduction.
Once the cell dies, its material disassociates, and is mostly flushed away in the urine.What happens to the DNA in the blood of a person when they donate blood to a recipient?
Blood does not contain DNA, only components such as RBC's, platelets, plasma, etc. When a person donates blood, none of their DNA is transmitted into the recipient. What is transferred that makes a HUGE difference is the portion that determines the blood type (eg - A+, AB-, O-, etc).
If someone else were to receive another person's DNA, then the host's body would see the strand as a foreign object (like bacteria) and immediately seek to destroy it as quickly as possible. This autoimmunity defense is what keeps our bodies as a separate, non-interchangeable unit with the rest of the population. Now there are some cases where twins may have similar DNA strands to a very high percentage, but there will always be some degree of indifference.
Hope this helps.
red blood cells and platelets have no DNA because they have no nucleus. red blood cells loose their nuclei when they leave the bone marrow and platelets are just cell fragments. white blood cells do have dna because they still have nuclei. this dna keeps the wbc functioning as a wbc. it has no affect on the donee. it doesnt degrade because it is needed to keep the cells going. i suppose transfused dna might show up in a person with a fresh transfusion. the dna doesnt mingle with the donee's dna. they are both contained in their own nuclei. donor dna does not continue to replicate. white blood cells are produced in the bone marrow. they do not go through mitosis.What happens to the DNA in the blood of a person when they donate blood to a recipient?
Red blood cells do not contain DNA, because they do not contain a nucleus.
What does it mean when a dog is DNA registered?
A breeder told me all of his dogs are AKC registered and the father is DNA registered. I looked online and it seems you can send in a test of the DNA for stud dogs but I couldn't tell if some were rejected. If it is DNA registered, what does that mean to me and more importantly its' puppies?What does it mean when a dog is DNA registered?
Here is a link below that will explain what it means.
Here is a quote from the AKC's website: "AKC DNA Profiling is required for: Frequently Used Sires (dogs having the greatest impact on the AKC Stud Book); imported breeding stock; dogs whose semen is collected for fresh-extended or frozen use; and for the sires, dam and puppies for Multiple-Sired Litter Registration. "
Any AKC stud that sires a certain amount of litters must have a DNA on file with the AKC so they can test his puppies to see if he is the father if they want to or if paternity is in questioned. It is nothing special, most people don't even mention it, since it is common procedure.What does it mean when a dog is DNA registered?
My dogs sire has been DNA tested too. What it says is that the sire is what the breeder claims is his pedigree and not another pedigree.
It also:
a) Establish a permanent record of identity for any dog.
b) Determine individual paternity for separately sired siblings.
c) Provide ***** owners with guaranteed stud service.
d) Verify artificial insemination.
e) Resolve breeding disputes.
f) Guarantee puppy buyers a verifiable pedigree.
If you are breeding it is way more important then if you are purchasing as a pet.
I suppose a rejection would indicate that the pedigree isn't what you expected it to be as a breeder. It does not provide information regarding genetic health, conformation, performance ability, coat color, etc. It also cannot determine any crossbreeding that may have occurred by accident or design.
I hope this helps...
*****pardon Great Dane Lover, I meant "pedigree, not breed"***** but thumbs down, sheeesssshh
AKC requires that all stud dogs have DNA done now. didn't used to be like that. this way if there is any question on the sire of the litter they will check DNA on pups and compare with sire's DNA.
this began when a female got pregnant and they weren't sure who the sire was or some breeders trying to pass of a certain sire as the father when in fact it was a different sire.
if you are buying a pet it really should make a difference.What does it mean when a dog is DNA registered?
The DNA is not registered...DNA is required to be on file with the AKC for any dog used for stud if it is used to produce a specific number of litters per year or has produced a specific number of puppies or has been used for AI. With the DNA on file it can be used to prove if a dog is really the sire of a litter or not if a question should arise.
I have my Dane boy's DNA on file even though he has not yet been used at stud (he is not yet 2, hasn't had genetic testing and has not finished his show career yet).
***Desiree it has nothing ot do with proving breed******
A Sire is DNA'd as required by the AKC, if they produce 3 or more litters in a calendar year, or 7 litters within their lifetime.
You could have them DNA'd if they don't sire that many littes... But it is required, if they should produce that many litters...
As mentioned, the DNA test is kept on file and it's used for the purposes of a paternity or maternity test.
A DNA test can't determine if the dog is of quality or is healthy.
I guess this breeder has done a DNA test on their dog to prove it's a pure bred X.
Is the father AKC registered as well as the mother? It sounds to me like the father isn't and this is how the person is trying to prove the dog is a pure bred.
There is no DNA registery. It's a test.
I'm starring this for a couple of breeders on here. I don't breed so I may not know all the tests breeders do....
Edit - I'm mistaken on this one. I apologize. Learn something new every day.
Here is a link below that will explain what it means.
Here is a quote from the AKC's website: "AKC DNA Profiling is required for: Frequently Used Sires (dogs having the greatest impact on the AKC Stud Book); imported breeding stock; dogs whose semen is collected for fresh-extended or frozen use; and for the sires, dam and puppies for Multiple-Sired Litter Registration. "
Any AKC stud that sires a certain amount of litters must have a DNA on file with the AKC so they can test his puppies to see if he is the father if they want to or if paternity is in questioned. It is nothing special, most people don't even mention it, since it is common procedure.What does it mean when a dog is DNA registered?
My dogs sire has been DNA tested too. What it says is that the sire is what the breeder claims is his pedigree and not another pedigree.
It also:
a) Establish a permanent record of identity for any dog.
b) Determine individual paternity for separately sired siblings.
c) Provide ***** owners with guaranteed stud service.
d) Verify artificial insemination.
e) Resolve breeding disputes.
f) Guarantee puppy buyers a verifiable pedigree.
If you are breeding it is way more important then if you are purchasing as a pet.
I suppose a rejection would indicate that the pedigree isn't what you expected it to be as a breeder. It does not provide information regarding genetic health, conformation, performance ability, coat color, etc. It also cannot determine any crossbreeding that may have occurred by accident or design.
I hope this helps...
*****pardon Great Dane Lover, I meant "pedigree, not breed"***** but thumbs down, sheeesssshh
AKC requires that all stud dogs have DNA done now. didn't used to be like that. this way if there is any question on the sire of the litter they will check DNA on pups and compare with sire's DNA.
this began when a female got pregnant and they weren't sure who the sire was or some breeders trying to pass of a certain sire as the father when in fact it was a different sire.
if you are buying a pet it really should make a difference.What does it mean when a dog is DNA registered?
The DNA is not registered...DNA is required to be on file with the AKC for any dog used for stud if it is used to produce a specific number of litters per year or has produced a specific number of puppies or has been used for AI. With the DNA on file it can be used to prove if a dog is really the sire of a litter or not if a question should arise.
I have my Dane boy's DNA on file even though he has not yet been used at stud (he is not yet 2, hasn't had genetic testing and has not finished his show career yet).
***Desiree it has nothing ot do with proving breed******
A Sire is DNA'd as required by the AKC, if they produce 3 or more litters in a calendar year, or 7 litters within their lifetime.
You could have them DNA'd if they don't sire that many littes... But it is required, if they should produce that many litters...
As mentioned, the DNA test is kept on file and it's used for the purposes of a paternity or maternity test.
A DNA test can't determine if the dog is of quality or is healthy.
I guess this breeder has done a DNA test on their dog to prove it's a pure bred X.
Is the father AKC registered as well as the mother? It sounds to me like the father isn't and this is how the person is trying to prove the dog is a pure bred.
There is no DNA registery. It's a test.
I'm starring this for a couple of breeders on here. I don't breed so I may not know all the tests breeders do....
Edit - I'm mistaken on this one. I apologize. Learn something new every day.
What is a product of DNA Transcription and how to represent it?
I need to take a picture of DNA Transcription or tangible representation of it. I can't use google pics, so that's why I need a example that I can find in day-to-day life.
For example, for DNA replication, I could stand beside a copy machine and hold up two identical sheets of paper. If I can't get an actual picture of the term, then I need to do something like that for this as well.What is a product of DNA Transcription and how to represent it?
And hello.... Again :)
You've basically already done this with your second paragraph. What I suggest is two pieces paper, one with some DNA coding on it, and one with the RNA equivalent (DNA could be: ATG CCG AGC. And the RNA equivalent would be; UAC GGC UCG). Have the RNA on the photocopier already, take a picture of the DNA piece of paper, then put the DNA paper on the photocopier and copy. Your RNA should already be there so you can then take a photo there as well.
And voila :)
For example, for DNA replication, I could stand beside a copy machine and hold up two identical sheets of paper. If I can't get an actual picture of the term, then I need to do something like that for this as well.What is a product of DNA Transcription and how to represent it?
And hello.... Again :)
You've basically already done this with your second paragraph. What I suggest is two pieces paper, one with some DNA coding on it, and one with the RNA equivalent (DNA could be: ATG CCG AGC. And the RNA equivalent would be; UAC GGC UCG). Have the RNA on the photocopier already, take a picture of the DNA piece of paper, then put the DNA paper on the photocopier and copy. Your RNA should already be there so you can then take a photo there as well.
And voila :)
What is a product of DNA Translation and how to represent it?
I need to take a picture of a product of DNA translation or tangible representation of it. I can't use google pics, so that's why I need a example that I can find in day-to-day life.
For example, for DNA replication, I could stand beside a copy machine and hold up two identical sheets of paper. If I can't get an actual picture of the term, then I need to do something like that for this as well.What is a product of DNA Translation and how to represent it?
Here's a good way to represent or at least think of the process of transcription (DNA to RNA) and translation (RNA to protein).
Let a textbook represent DNA. Copy a few pages from it with a copy machine or by printing neatly by hand to represent mRNA. Hand copy a few sentences from the text into another language (any language) to represent protein (protein has been translated from the language of nucleic acids into the language of amino acids.What is a product of DNA Translation and how to represent it?
I saw this a little ago when you asked and couldn't really think of anything, but I think this would be a good idea:
mRNA is translated in to a long amino acid chain (or polypeptidal chain) or a protein by the Ribosome (just to answer 'what is a product of DNA Translation'). So what you could do is draw a house on a piece of paper (no artistic work needed lol) and if there is something being built nearby like a store or a house go and stand as close to it with your drawn house and take a picture. The drawn house on the piece of paper is the mRNA, or the 'blueprints' for the house/store/building, the builders are like the ribosomes translating the blueprints in to the end product; the building.What is a product of DNA Translation and how to represent it?
A product of translation is a polypeptide (a string of amino acids, joined by peptide bonds).
For example, for DNA replication, I could stand beside a copy machine and hold up two identical sheets of paper. If I can't get an actual picture of the term, then I need to do something like that for this as well.What is a product of DNA Translation and how to represent it?
Here's a good way to represent or at least think of the process of transcription (DNA to RNA) and translation (RNA to protein).
Let a textbook represent DNA. Copy a few pages from it with a copy machine or by printing neatly by hand to represent mRNA. Hand copy a few sentences from the text into another language (any language) to represent protein (protein has been translated from the language of nucleic acids into the language of amino acids.What is a product of DNA Translation and how to represent it?
I saw this a little ago when you asked and couldn't really think of anything, but I think this would be a good idea:
mRNA is translated in to a long amino acid chain (or polypeptidal chain) or a protein by the Ribosome (just to answer 'what is a product of DNA Translation'). So what you could do is draw a house on a piece of paper (no artistic work needed lol) and if there is something being built nearby like a store or a house go and stand as close to it with your drawn house and take a picture. The drawn house on the piece of paper is the mRNA, or the 'blueprints' for the house/store/building, the builders are like the ribosomes translating the blueprints in to the end product; the building.What is a product of DNA Translation and how to represent it?
A product of translation is a polypeptide (a string of amino acids, joined by peptide bonds).
What dna is needed to clone my grandpa what physical samples and how can i persurve it?
What dna is needed to clone my grandpa what physical samples and how can i persurve it?
dont judge meWhat dna is needed to clone my grandpa what physical samples and how can i persurve it?
Have you thought through the cloning process completely? Let's imagine you become the first person to clone a human being, your grandpa. In the test tube the cells grow slowly and eventually must be implanted in a uterus where they grow into a baby in nine months or so. The newborn comes out and begins life as a baby like we all did. You continue to age as well. So when baby grandpa is 20, you are also twenty years older. But baby grandpa is living with different parents and living 3 to 4 generations in the future compared to old grandpa. Their bodies may closely resemble one another at similar ages, but they will not share any similar life experiences at all. Baby grandpa as an adult will not be the father of your parents or the grandfather of you. Sadly, who we are and all that we have become disappears when we pass away. Hug them while they are here. Listen to grandpa's stories and retell the stories to your children, so they may tell them to their kids. That's what we can save of ourselves for the future.What dna is needed to clone my grandpa what physical samples and how can i persurve it?
Hair, urine, blood, and possibly semen (although the last one would be quite awkward).
Cloning literally costs millions of dollars, and I'm not really sure if it's legal for anyone to use.
I'm certain there are more but there's some for now.
But you'd know your grandpa would have to basically grow up again, from age one to his age now. There's no way to get him at he same age as he is now...
Anywaay, if you had your grandpa's sperm, that would make a close enough match, if he was raised right, and the wife was still able to produce children.What dna is needed to clone my grandpa what physical samples and how can i persurve it?
the only ones i would know of are hair, blood, %26amp; semen( or c u m)
dont judge meWhat dna is needed to clone my grandpa what physical samples and how can i persurve it?
Have you thought through the cloning process completely? Let's imagine you become the first person to clone a human being, your grandpa. In the test tube the cells grow slowly and eventually must be implanted in a uterus where they grow into a baby in nine months or so. The newborn comes out and begins life as a baby like we all did. You continue to age as well. So when baby grandpa is 20, you are also twenty years older. But baby grandpa is living with different parents and living 3 to 4 generations in the future compared to old grandpa. Their bodies may closely resemble one another at similar ages, but they will not share any similar life experiences at all. Baby grandpa as an adult will not be the father of your parents or the grandfather of you. Sadly, who we are and all that we have become disappears when we pass away. Hug them while they are here. Listen to grandpa's stories and retell the stories to your children, so they may tell them to their kids. That's what we can save of ourselves for the future.What dna is needed to clone my grandpa what physical samples and how can i persurve it?
Hair, urine, blood, and possibly semen (although the last one would be quite awkward).
Cloning literally costs millions of dollars, and I'm not really sure if it's legal for anyone to use.
I'm certain there are more but there's some for now.
But you'd know your grandpa would have to basically grow up again, from age one to his age now. There's no way to get him at he same age as he is now...
Anywaay, if you had your grandpa's sperm, that would make a close enough match, if he was raised right, and the wife was still able to produce children.What dna is needed to clone my grandpa what physical samples and how can i persurve it?
the only ones i would know of are hair, blood, %26amp; semen( or c u m)
What are some cons to having DNA figure so prominently in pop-culture?
The use of DNA technology in legal cases is very prominent in popular media and good tangible example. I think many people are familiar with the CSI franchise. What are some pros to utilizing DNA in legal cases? What are some cons to having DNA figure so prominently in pop-culture?What are some cons to having DNA figure so prominently in pop-culture?
Let's just say that REAL scientists and REAL law enforcement, rarely have the patience to watch specious programs like CSI, they are not fooled when the buzzword DNA is casually thrown around.
I'm more worried about JURIES, though, which are far more likely to be Law and Order/ CSI/ House addicts
than Scientists, and these are the people who declare the findings of a trial.
God help us.What are some cons to having DNA figure so prominently in pop-culture?
DNA ( deoxyribonucleic acid ) is the vehicle of heredity . The name is enough as it is the basis of existence of all organisms.
The use of scientific equipments and the theory concerned is what causes such legal jurisdictions and cases.
Sometimes the theories and practices are against the ethics.What are some cons to having DNA figure so prominently in pop-culture?
I have read articles about cases being dropped because some members of the jury thought they should have done testing like in C.S.I. or Law %26amp; Order.
What people fail to realize is that A) Not all labs have every piece of state-of-the-art equipment B) Testing is very expensive and C) Testing takes a LOT of time.monroe muffler dashi
Let's just say that REAL scientists and REAL law enforcement, rarely have the patience to watch specious programs like CSI, they are not fooled when the buzzword DNA is casually thrown around.
I'm more worried about JURIES, though, which are far more likely to be Law and Order/ CSI/ House addicts
than Scientists, and these are the people who declare the findings of a trial.
God help us.What are some cons to having DNA figure so prominently in pop-culture?
DNA ( deoxyribonucleic acid ) is the vehicle of heredity . The name is enough as it is the basis of existence of all organisms.
The use of scientific equipments and the theory concerned is what causes such legal jurisdictions and cases.
Sometimes the theories and practices are against the ethics.What are some cons to having DNA figure so prominently in pop-culture?
I have read articles about cases being dropped because some members of the jury thought they should have done testing like in C.S.I. or Law %26amp; Order.
What people fail to realize is that A) Not all labs have every piece of state-of-the-art equipment B) Testing is very expensive and C) Testing takes a LOT of time.
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)