I'm doing a science project comparing human and plant DNA. The only difference I could see was the plant DNA was denser. But why? Please also give a sight that supports your answer.What is the difference between plant and animal DNA and why are there these differences?
Chemically %26amp; physically the structure of DNA is the same but in the encoding sequences there is a difference in the actual information. Genes from plants can be expressed in bacteria as well as those from animals but the specific proteins differ.
There are differences in the size of the genomes as plants tend to have larger genomes and are often polyploid. Ploidy refers to the basic number of unique chromosomes in the genome and the basic monoploid numer is designated x. The haploid n refers to the number of chromosomes in a gamete.
Humans monoploid x = haploid n = 23 but in banana species x =11. The edible Musa acuminata can be 2n=33 or 2n=44. Polyploidy is especially common in angiosperms with from 30% to 70% of today's angiosperms being polyploid. This makes polyploidy a major factor in plant evolutionary changes.
http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultrane鈥?/a>
http://www.amjbot.org/cgi/content/abstra鈥?/a>
Genomic sizes
Drosophila 13,379
Human 23,000 in 3.50pg (3x 10^9 bp)
Dog 19,300
Arabidopsis has smallest known plant genome 25,498 genes.
Rice 37,544
Maize 59,000
Pinus ranged from 42.5 pg to 54.9 pg (41.7-53.8 x 10^9bp
Plants are much more likely to hybridize two species and produce viable, fertile seeds, unlike animals. According to Loren Rieseberg, a botanist at the University of British Columbia in Vancouver, Canada, around 14 per cent of living plant species are the product of two separate lineages hybridizing. http://www.physorg.com/news12034.html
Genome size in some plants is between 10 -100 times what the human genome is. Sex determining chromosomes are the same size in plants.
http://www.amjbot.org/cgi/content/full/9鈥?/a>
Regulatory modifications that control gene expression can be different between plant %26amp; animals.
http://www.plantphysiol.org/cgi/content/鈥?/a>
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